Essay on Effects of Technology in the 1940’s - 739 Words

The 40’s were best known for World War II, but did you know that Velcro was invented during this time period? In the 1940’s, technological changes occurred with their effects being both positive and negative, but these effects have benefited society more by being the basis of many things used today. The technology in the 1940’s had undergone many changes. Some of the changes in technology were that the first US jet plane was flown . Also, the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb were created but both of these contributed to the death of hundreds of thousands of people. The first computer was invented. As were the Polaroid camera, which was the first instant camera, and the transistor, which helped advance video and†¦show more content†¦The ENIAC was invented by John Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert, Jr.and built from 1943-1945. The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), often referred to as the first computer, was built to supply the need for faster calculations. It started the information age and led to the development of the first commercial computers (The ENIAC). The machines and processes designed during the 1940’s had adverse consequences as well. The first nuclear reactor was built by Enrico Fermi in 1942. The Chicago Pile 1 was the â€Å"world’s first man-made controlled nuclear chain reaction†. This caused the creation of other nuclear reactors and the atomic bomb (CP-1). The atomic bomb was developed and successfully tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico in July 16, 1945. In August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima and killing an estimated 340,000 people (Sherrow 88). Other weapons were also developed in the 1940’s with negative outcomes. The world’s biggest gun called the â€Å"Gustav Gun† was built in World War II. Built in Essen, Germany in 1941, it weighed 1,344 tons and required a 500 man crew to manipulate it. It was so powerful that one bullet demolished a â€Å"Russian ammunition dump 100 feet below Severnaya Bay† and â€Å"a near miss capsized a large ship in the harbor†. The Gustav Gun, along with other weapons destroyed three Soviet forts: Fort Stalin, Fort Lenin, and Fort MaximShow MoreRelatedPrinciples Of Ecology And Field Biology Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis 1. Login to Canvas and go to the Bio 200 page. 2. Click on the ‘Life Table Analysis’ file. 3. Pull up the data from the current year (also on Canvas), and enter it in the appropriate folder. Enter data for pre-1940 males, pre-1940 females, post-1940 males, and post-1940 females separately. That is, you are going to create four separate life tables. 4. Click on the ‘Calculate Statistics’ button to analyze each set of data individually. 5. The software takes our static data and uses it toRead MoreThe Indian Film Industry Of India1380 Words   |  6 Pagesproducers in India and one of the largest centers of film production in the world. However, the first films India watched were not made in Bollywood. The various stages of evolution of bollywood can be categorized as follows: Silent Era to Talkies (1930-1940): Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian Cinema was a man with vision and courage. In the silent era, he pioneered the revolution and released his path breaking film, Raja Harishchandra, based on a mythological character on 21st April, 1913 in OlympiaRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 Pagesradio stations. By the 1940s (1930-1940), at least 83% of homes possessed a radio(Smith, 2014,paragraph 23, Radio: The Internet of the 1930 s). The negativity of certain broadcasting posed as a concern, even in the early years. As Smith explained, But the new technology also raised anxieties. Observers worried about the propriety and taste of the radio programs that would penetrate the sanctity of the home(Smith, 2014,paragraph 23, Radio: The Internet of the 1930 s). Experts suchRead MoreThe Cold War And Technology Advancements Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War and its advancements in technology During the middle 1940s there was a lot going on in the world. This includes World War two coming to an end after the United States use of the atomic bomb on Japan, most of Europe in shambles from battles and the Russia or now called Soviet Union (USSR) turning to communism. One may think how technology could advance at such a time. Well during war a lot of pressure is put on countries to supply resources. These resources are very expensive and forceRead MoreRole And Importance Of Marketing Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept: This marketing concept lasted approximately 60 years from the 1860’s until 1920’s. This is the era of the field of dreams business philosophy. There are a few alternatives available in this era. †¢ Sales concept: In this era competition of for market increased. Organization had to work harder to sell their products. This era can also say the era of awakening marketing era. This period lasted 1920’s through the 1940’s. †¢ Marketing department concept: Where manufacturing the companies and firmsRead MoreThe World s First Nuclear Weapon1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe creation of the nuclear weapons has caused major concern towards national security worldwide since the 1940’s when the US sets up the Manhattan Project to develop the first nuclear weapon. After the weapons were created we find that more then five nations and counting have been developing their own weapons besides our very own USA. These other nations include but not limited to Russia, United Kingdom, France, India, China, North Korea, Pakistan and Israel. Throughout this paper we are goingRead MoreEssay on Womens Roles and World War II1212 Words   |  5 PagesThings weren’t always so picturesque, though. Since people first settled here, on what is now the United States of America, women were thought of as inferior. Ever so slowly though, the men’s view on women began to change. The change started in the 1920à ¢â‚¬â„¢s but it was going slowly and needed a catalyst. World War II was that catalyst. So much so that women ended up participating in the rise of the United States to a global power. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the late 19th century and early 20th centuryRead MoreThe Recording Of Sound Recorded By Edouard Leon Scott De Martinville1529 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to the foundation of sound recording. Going forward, technologists in today s computer age are becoming more and more creative. There has even been proof that some researchers have had a hand in altering the course of history. With that in mind, the following questions need to be addressed: How was the recording of sound discovered? What technologies were implemented to improve the science? How has today s digital age affected sound recording? Was history really altered? Is there any debateRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 Pagesis no innovation, creativity, or incentive for improvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pollard). Throughout history most of the great periods of change can be traced back to an event or discovery. In early man, man hunted for food with his hands until he acquired the technology necessary to make weapons. During this period, man hunted and gathered food as they walked through the vast earth. This was until the discovery of agriculture and farming allowed many to stay in one spot and raise a family. We have witnessedRead MoreA Research Study On Antibacterial Therapy1646 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst initiated in the early 1900’s. However, with the introduction of antibiotics in the 1940’s, phage therapy had essentially ceased in Western Europe and North America. Currently with the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria, a renewed interest in bacteriophage research has again emerged with emphasis not only on its antibacterial properties, but on its potential role in treating malignant diseases. In addition, in vitro â€Å"phage display† technology has been developed whereby a specific

Terrorism Is Just A Terrible Thing - 1575 Words

Terrorism is just a terrible thing to hear about when it takes place. The people and the world would be better if we did not have it in our world. We all know that terrorism affects we, the people, greatly when it strikes. On the other hands, how does it affect the ones that try to fight and prohibit terrorism at hand, the police. Terrorism affects the police in hundreds of different ways. Police have to know what to do and how to deal with terrorism, which requires much more all around training. Police get more powers when it comes to terrorism, which means spending more money. This also means the government allocating the police more funding. Although it has a great impact on the country, it has a greater impact on the standards and duties expected of law enforcement agencies at all three levels (national, state, and local). To help prevent future terrorist attacks, law enforcement is implementing new all around training tactics. Information sharing among all three levels of law enforcement is a key aspect that terrorism has brought about. Terrorism has also brought a change to the policing style. We have witnessed a change from a traditional style to militarized style of policing. Furthermore, after the tragedies of September 11th, the practices of law enforcement have been impacted by the recently enacted legislation and the creation of new federal levels or agencies in efforts to secure our borders and protect the people and our nation from radicalism. These changesShow MoreRelatedTerrorism848 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism Imagine a world without terrorism... Imagine how much happier the world would be if it had no terrorism. Just take a moment to think about all of the people that would still  be alive, all of the buildings that would still be intact, and all the mental trauma that could have been avoided. It sounds nice doesn’t it? I don’t know if this might have actually happened to you, but for those of you that it hasn’t,  imagine if  you’re father or mother would have died because of a suicide bombingRead MoreTerrorism Is More Complicated Than Just An Act Of Violence1119 Words   |  5 Pagesway to prevent terrorism in the United States. Imagine the lives that would have been saved that day. Preventing terrorism would be one of the greatest achievements the United States could complete, but it is a lot harder to prevent terrorism then you might think. If we can prevent terrorism, we would save countless lives, save lots of money, and the world would be safer. F irst, to stop terrorism we have to know what it even is. To start it off, terrorism is more complicated than just an act of violenceRead MoreWe Need new Ways of Security to Attack Terrorism Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesUnfortunately, in America today, we are confronted with a major issue, insecurity of transportation caused by terrorism. Terrorism today has killed millions of Americans and we are forced to act on these actions. We can’t sit and watch as we are attacked, and people are killed in our own country. We must develop new methods that provide better safety for all passengers. It is very clear that the precautions we are taking now are inefficient and unaffordable. That is why I believe racial profilingRead MoreArgumentative Essay On 9 / 11806 Words   |  4 PagesThe Attack That Never Ended September 11, 2001, the start of terrorism in The United States, and the end of innocence in our lives. Some of us are lucky to never know the fright of that horrid day. For others though, the events that transpired on September 11 will live on forever in their memory. Rachel Cross was working in her office when â€Å"patients would call†¦ they were canceling their appointments for today.† At first, she thought nothing of it. Working at a dermatology clinic always meantRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control906 Words   |  4 PagesImagine you just bought tickets to your absolute favorite artist. You probably invited your best friend or your significant other. You plan everything out down to your outfit, you get there, you find your seats, and then the artist walks on stage and the crowd goes wild. You are having the time of your life and so is the 8-year-old girl in front of you who came with her dad. Then you hear something strange; The artist stops singing and runs off stage. Someone has a gun; Shots are firing everywhereRead MoreTerrorism and Political Violence by Alex Schmid1312 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism can be defined and viewed in many different ways. As discussed in â€Å"Terrorism and Political Violence,† by A lex Schmid, there are multiple frameworks in which terrorism can be defined (Schmid 2010, 197). In Schmid’s article, he discusses the five ways he feels terrorism can be looked at, terrorism as/and politics, terrorism as/and crime, terrorism as/and warfare, terrorism as/and communication and terrorism as/and religious fundamentalism (Schmid 2010, 197). This is interesting because itRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The World1015 Words   |  5 Pagesshaken a numerous amount of Americans. The images of the massacre that traveled all around the world just proved how helpless the world is to terrorism. However that shock turned into rage, fuming anger very quick. A terrifying mix of emotions began to settle across America when a hijacked airliner crashed into the Twin Towers in New York City. During that early morning American Airlines flight 11 just moments earlier crashed into the North Tower. I was in first grade at the time in elementary schoolRead MoreDomestic Terrorism And Internat ional Terrorism1335 Words   |  6 Pagesno longer news but our everyday reality. Terrorism has been another problem, terrorism is nothing new and has always been present but after the 09/11 attack it has been increasing throughout the years. Most terror attacks haven’t been as impactful as the 9/11 attack but most recently domestic terrorists have carried out most of the attacks. The government should take the measures necessary and focus more on domestic terrorism than international terrorism for now, because domestic terrorists are alreadyRead MoreThe Senseless Tragedy Of September 111004 Words   |  5 Pagesshocked a numerous amount of Americans. The images of the massacre that traveled all around the world just proved how helpless the world is to terrorism. However that shock turned into rage, fuming anger very quick. A threating mix of emotions began to settle across America when a hijacked airliner crashed into the Twin Towers in New York City. During that early mor ning American Airlines flight 11 just moments earlier crashed into the North Tower. I was in first grade at the time in school and when theyRead MoreThe Profiling Of The United States1190 Words   |  5 Pagesrule racial or religious profiling of Muslim Americans in surveillance and security is unconstitutional, counterproductive and should be abolished. In the status quo the government is constantly trying to take the best measures it can to prevent terrorism like the tragic attacks on 9/11 from ever happening again. In fact, since the attacks, drastic action such as the Patriot Act have been passed to curb any risk of attack. The government used the fear of the public to pass questionable policy. The

Australian Business Law

Question: Explain about the Australian business law. Answer: Background: The given situation is about Kate, who is the owner of a successful business that sells women shoes. Upon the successful completion of the business, she wishes to expand her business and continue to do the business in the new pattern. Discussion: While going through the matter of Kate, the primary advice that can forward to her is about the application of the business registration and in particular the procedure for the already existing business. Under the Australian business law, the business owners or the person willing to start a business shall register with the ASIC or the Australian Security and Investment Commission (Bird et al. 2016). In the recent times, the procedure has become as simple as to apply within the online and that the scope of the various systems of the tax giving policies including the return procedures is also quite accessible (Sackmann et al. 2013). It is one of the important steps to choose the structure of the business with the help of the useful resources as available with ASIC. Once the structure is chosen then the steps of the registration follows: The registration of the company requires the reservation of the company name as well as the plan on how the company will run. Some factors like the replaceable rules and the constitution must be made so that the structure finds a proper base. After the step of the registration, the consent from the members acting is mandatory because the corporation must have members who have attained the age of 18 years. Once the company registration gets completed, then the concern with the property law is a matter of importance for a registered business. Usually, there are two types of property: The real property Personal property But in some cases, the business stands on the leased property as well. On such cases, the legal rights, as well as the equitable rights, are differentiated while the interest stands on the land of possession (Galloway 2015). While the owner has the power to exercise the legal rights, the person in possession has exclusive control. So, anything belonging to the owner is a liability on the part of the possession holder to return. The facts are observed in the matters of, Armory v Delamirie and Ranger v Giffin. It is important for the company holder to have knowledge of the personal property securities since so that there is hampering in the ongoing business dealings. The business holder must have a registration under the intellectual property law and have a copyright protection of the uniqueness wherever necessary so that there shall not be any other reproduction of the work (Reynolds et al. 2012). The protection of ones work is necessary because the copyright section explains the work as someones sole property. There are tests available under the copyright law to determine how much and whether any work is copied or not, Milpurrurru v Indofurn. The copyright act and the intellectual property right is an important tool to protect and safeguard of the misuse of the work. Hence, the sale of goods acts. The sale of the good act comes with the compliance of the consumer protection act so that the interests of the consumer are protected (austlii.edu.au 2016). The copyright of the business not only concerns the unlawful copying of the works but the necessity to protect the business name (Davis 2012). The act of protection of the business name is necessary so that there is no other business existing can run under the same name, which might spoil the goodwill of the existing business (Stone 2014). The ASIC even restricts the use of the same name for the business and sometimes the registration of the company detained due such circumstances faced by the registering body as observed in the matter of Targets Pty Ltd v Target Australia Pty Ltd. The law is important for the newly registered business dealing with the product selling so that the good faith of the customers do not get destroyed as stated in the matter of Grant v Australian Knitting Mills. The sale of goods is one of the implied terms in the regulations as per the register board of business declares as well as the consumer laws (legislation.vic.gov.au 2016). The advice so made to the owner of women shoe selling the business is necessary because the registration of the business under the Australian business law holds some obligations while running the business. Facts: Possible liabilities for the employees to claim entitlements after the change of ownership for Kids Pty. Ltd. Liabilities held by Myra upon the payment of assets and compensation to the existing employees. Discussions: The liabilities held by the employees are same as they had in the previous company. They have a right to continue with the service and are liable to get all the facilities as was prescribed under the previous ownership. The employees are liable to get the holidays, periodical off and severance pay. The continuity of the employment flows through the liability of the purchaser of the business. The new owner is liable to hire all the employees and with same terms and conditions. In this situation, it is explained that the new company owns thousand dollars to each employee. The clothing for the kids does not have any assets of their own. The new business even holds some superannuation and the long live entitlements. Upon such grounds, it is mandatory for a company to start a business with assets as credentials so that it is easier for the entity to pay off any compensation to the employees liable for such compensation. It is the right of the employee to ask for what is their right to deserve as an employee of a company. For the given situation, the rules under the sole trader and the company law will be applicable here. Usually, in the proprietary business, there is a sole trader or the director who decides the ongoing business procedure. There is no constitution mandatory for the ongoing of the organization, and the liabilities of the sole traders are not limited. But in the case of the proprietary company, the owners hold a limited liability (Hoffman et al., 2014). Usually, in the proprietary form of the business, there are some acting members and directors. But in the given matter, there was no such acting body in the company. Myra is the only shareholder and director of the kids clothes Pty. Ltd. A limited liability holder is expected to keep some assets during the time of necessity. The assets are used for the following purposes: Security for loans: The loans provided to the company can be secured only the property that the company owns. In certain cases especially for the limited liability company, the directors are asked to pay some personal guarantees. Capital raising and investment: Companies must be competent to procure the investment from the outside parties for the offering of the loans (Farrar and Hiscock 2015). There is an exception with the sole traders in this factor as the sole trader cannot be able to offer the shares. Hence, when the sole trader requires loans they have to apply and ask from the lenders or the banks. In a proprietary form of the company, the owner is having some specified rules governed by the corporate regulations. But if the business has any sole owner then there are no such rules governing the business (Sadiq and Governatori 2015). Again upon such cases there are some exceptions to the rules which explain that if the company have employees, then they are liable to some rights as in the favour of them. Assets to pay the taxes and the registration fees: The company is liable to pay the taxes as imposed upon periodically and must apply for the registration before the existing period gets over. The sole owner of the proprietary company has the right of creditors to the bank during the time of insolvency as described under the bankruptcy act of the company. The bankrupted situation of the company can contact with the Insolvency and Trustee Service Australia (ITSA) (afsa.gov.au 2016). On a successive ownership of the company, it is mandatory for the company to run under specific rules as mentioned under the Corporation Act. The replaceable rules are highly recommended to keep awareness and to give scope to better amendments (legislation.gov.au 2016). It is not valid to take any action against Myra personally since, while transferring the business she gave enough credits to the new company so that there is a possibility of the employees to go with the facilities and liabilities they owned while in the kids cloth company. Myra handed over the business to clothing for kids after determination of the entitlements has been valid from the part of the legal obligations. It is the duty of the new employer to look at the employee in such manner and period from when they are working under the previous ownership. The phase of the employment is known as the length of employment. References: Afsa.gov.au. 2016. AFSA Australian Financial Security Authority. Austlii.edu.au. 2016. COPYRIGHT ACT 1968. Betke, H., Kittel, K. and Sackmann, S., 2013, March. Modeling Controls for Compliance--An Analysis of Business Process Modeling Languages. InAdvanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2013 27th International Conference on(pp. 866-871). IEEE. Bird, H.L., Gilligan, G., Godwin, A., Hedges, J. and Ramsay, I., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of the Use of Enforceable Undertakings by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission between 1 July 1998 and 31 December 2015.CIFR Paper, (106). Bouchoux, D., 2012.Intellectual property: The law of trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secrets. Cengage Learning. Davison, M., Monotti, A. and Wiseman, L., 2016.Australian intellectual property law. Cambridge University Press. Farrar, J. and Hiscock, M., 2015. Australia's Trade, Investment and Security in the Asian Century. In V.I. Lo ed.,,Australia's Trade, Investment and Security in the Asian Century(pp. xxiii-xxiv). Galloway, K., 2015. Sustainability in the Real Property Law Curriculum: Why and how.Journal of Learning Design,8(2), pp.31-42. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons.

Business Research Literature Review

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Literature Review. Answer: Introduction In this assignment, a comprehensive literature review had been developed for the business research proposal related with topic study and analyze marketing tools and tactics used by Coles Supermarkets, Australia. There were some major topics included in this literature review section. They were such as overview of the Australian retail industry, Global Retail Business, consumer demand and ideas of independence groceries. The main hypotheses of this literature review section is to analyse the effectiveness of marketing tools and tactics used by Australian retail companies compare to global retail companies. It had been assumed that Australian retail market is still growing and it can be improved by modifying the marketing tools and techniques used in this industry. Topic 1 Australian retail market Hypothesis: H0: Australian retail market has a steady growth in the market H1: Australian retail market do not has a steady growth in the market It has been found that Australian retail market is growing rapidly. The retail market of Australia has increased by 3% in accordance to the current value terms in 2016[1]. Although, the growth is positive, it had been analyzed that the growth rate had become slower than 2015[2]. The main reason behind the slower rate of growth of Australian retail market is that Australian customers remain cautious about their spending during the whole year due to low level of income growth. The customer good subdivision of Australian retail market has struggled with critical retail conditions over the last five years. It had been found that volatile consumer sentiment and weak growth of economy due to fluctuating financial market had developed tensed time for the subdivision operators. In addition, it had been found that there was continuous fall in the retail demand in Australia for video games, photographic equipments, books, newspapers, stationary goods and footwear[3]. However, online retailing or internet retailing of Australia had reached a relatively steady rate. In the year of 2016, it had been found that the online retailing has outperformed store-based retailing is Australia. Due to the increase importance of retail presence across different channels had influenced Australian retailers like Woolsworth and Wesfarmers to increase investment on multichannel retailing[4]. They started to focus on online business presence. They started to use social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube for promotion and advertisements. It had been analyzed that the trend of consumer demand of Australian retail market favored the convenience offered by online retailing. Aggressive expansion of Aldi indicates the continuous growth of this industry[5]. Wesfarmers is considered as the largest retailer in Australian in the year of 2016. The company is presently leading across different categories of retailing. The value growth of the company Wesfarmers is highly driven by the strong performance is categories like office supply stores, home and garden, mass merchandisers and forecourt retailers. The company is ranked as number one organization in terms of value share in the year of 2016[6]. It had been analyzed that retailing industry in Australia will increase at a value of CAGR of 3% over the next forecast period[7]. It will be largely driven by garden and home specialist retailers and online retailing. It is expected that these categories of retail industry will show strong growth due to growing demand for new houses and due to faster adoption of new technologies and online services. There were two major factors that have affected the Australian retail market the most. They are such as Government policies and the subdued lending environment. The election of new coalition Australian government in 2013 had come up with two major factors[8]. The government has announced the withdrawal of government subsidies for many retail organizations. For this reason, various local retail groceries have closed their operation in Australia. The government has renewed the focus on the reduction of federal debt reduction to handle the national deficit leading to the viewpoint of tax increment and deep cuts to family benefits. In addition, banking sector has also become the subject of capital adequacy reforms designed to protect the retail industry. It would help to secure the retail industry from unexpected fluctuations and promote stability to this industry. In term of future, it had been analyzed that, Omni channel retailing is going to be more relevant now than ever. In order to improve sales performance in future, retail companies have to combine brick and mortar operation with digital strategies. Rise of Smartphone adoption will increase online retail selling. In future online marketing will become the most important promotion and advertising strategy. There are various in-store technology can be used as effective marketing tool to increase sales performance. They are such as digital signage, interactive screens, self serve kiosks and online product directories. Presently it has been found that 49% of the Australian customers would like purchase products with the help of apps than a browser. For this reason, retail companies such as Woolsworth and Wesfarmers have started to incorporate mobile apps in their Omni-channel marketing strategy. The Australian grocery retail had experienced a positive growth in the year of 2016. This high rate of growth in this sector can be explained by the success of discounters within the country. However, the growth of this industry is restricted by price discounting and intense amount of competition. These factors have hindered the growth rate of the grocery retailer s during the year. Rapid technology advancements provide retail companies the opportunities to engage consumer in-store. It has been found that perception of many marketers in the retail market is that the lending practices have also become constrained. It had also affected the commercial growth and customer credit. Topic 2 Global Retail Business Hypothesis: H0: Global retail business is changing due to market competition H1: Global retail business is not changing due to market competition Supermarkets and grocery retail industry is competitive not only in Australia but also in other parts of the world. The level of competitiveness is due to the change in consumer trends of the shopping their necessary goods from the market as well as changing sentiments. The change in the consumer sentiments has also changed the trading pattern of the supermarket retail industry all over the world[9]. Global supermarket retail industry has showed the growth of many popular supermarkets such as Tesco, Walmart, Aldi, Woolworths, Metcash, etc. It is seen that the supermarket retailers of Australia are adapting the trends of the demands of the customers that are responsible for the increase of footprints in the retail stores. They are facing the competition to meet the higher expectation of the customers in terms of convenience, freshness of the foods, transparency, standard of foods and other products served by it[10]. The trends that the retail supermarkets across the world are adopting are categorized into groups such as authentication of the fresh foods, convergence concepts that are convenience driven, impact of the changing regulations, creating opportunities to the workforce and consolidation of the operational movements. Companies are going to focus on the product differentiation focusing on the niche segment of customers. The addition of the online retailing and click and col lect options are more competitive than the traditional supermarket stores of different parts of the world[11]. On the other hand, it can be said that the supermarkets in many parts of the world are facing issues in maintaining the workforce i.e. skilled technical workforce. The companies are facing different issues in terms of maintaining the workforce in terms of technical problems. The technical experts and skilled expertise are hard to find in many countries of the world. However, it is the responsibility of the retailers to take of their employees in terms of employee engagement and their satisfaction. The supermarkets are facing problems in order to maintain an adjustment of the operations to the different associates who are associated with managing an array of tasks[12]. Research has portrayed the fact that the need of technology is of first priority. In terms of facility management systems, the global retailers are utilizing different types of human centred design that are considered as enhancing connectivity and monitoring the capabilities that improves user interface, intuitive opera tion and usability. The changing regulations of the countries are factors that are responsible for creating any effect on the trading patterns of the different supermarket retailers across the world. The two regulations that are important in creating a significant change of the business patterns of the supermarket retailers are refrigerant regulation and Food Safety Modernization Act. It can be said that the refrigerant regulation changes focuses on the issues of energy efficiency and the refrigerants. This implication will help the retailers while adopting refrigerators that are manufactured by using latest technologies[13]. The FSMA regulation is responsible for reduction of food waste by the companies. The individual retailers and the grocers are responsible for maintaining the freshness level farm to table. The companies are focusing on increasing the footprints in order to boost their never ending strategy in the expansion plans. In terms of focusing on the trollies of the consumers, it is seen that the global supermarkets are focused in providing benefits to the shoppers in order to improve their shopping experience. Hence, the hypothesis of the topic can be said that the global supermarkets are constantly trying to follow the recent and future trends in order to attract more customers that results to increase in the sales. It can be concluded that the global supermarket retail chains across the world are competitive in nature while developing their research and development department in order to imply the product differentiation by adopting different types of pricing strategies to attract the customers of the specific target market. It is seen that the top retail companies are competing with each other not only in terms of price but also in terms of attracting more customers. . It can be said that the food retail industry across the world are simultaneously differentiating and consolidating. It is known by conducting research to the market regarding the integrity and safety of the foods they maintain in order to satisfy the consumers of the countries. Topic 3 Consumer Demands Hypothesis: H0: Global market strategies depend on the changing perspectives of consumers H1: Global market strategies does not depend on the changing perspectives of consumers Demands of the consumers are important aspect in the perspective of developing strategies of the global supermarket retail chains. Preferences of the consumers are the main criteria that businesses of every sector follow while standing apart in the competitive market in terms of different business operations such as revenue, customers, product expansion, market expansion, etc. The section will focus on the effect of changing patterns of the consumer demands in the perspective of shopping attributes and perception of choosing things especially food and other grocery items. There are also some problems that are faced by the global supermarket chains along with the supermarkets of Australia. Food and retail transition among the supermarket retail are caused due to the change in the consumers choice especially in terms of food items. The British people are known for consuming more calories when compared with other people of the different countries of the world. The transitional middle-income group is known for more consumption of processed foods that have very high in energy and salt content. These foods are known as problem foods because these foods are responsible of creating risks of different types of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases. Research has been done not only to the supermarkets across different parts of the world but also to the consumers who are considered as the shoppers. It can be said that more than 85% of the respondents are preferring supermarkets for buying their essential things[14]. Among them, almost half of the consumers are regularly visiting the supermarkets and the convenience stores. They are focused in buying foods those are healthy and do es not contain more fat. The consumers purchase fresh bakeries, vegetables and different organic foods more than processed meats, soft drinks, fast foods, deep fried foods, instant foods, etc.) Apart from that, the supermarkets focus on the service quality, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction and the self-checkout service for increasing the customer loyalty and the increase of the sales. The technological advancements of the supermarkets are responsible for increase of the sales of their products as well as setting various programs for the development of customer loyalty programs. Apart from that, self-service checkouts must be improved so that the customers are not facing any rush while shopping in the supermarkets. Tesco has improved their clubcards and other applications that help them in shopping at Tesco very easily[15]. Customized offers and discounts are set by the company to engage the shoppers to shop at Tesco. Aldi, Tesco, develops mobile applications so that customers can choose their products easily and can avail many benefits. New product development especially in terms of foods is the reason of changing patterns of the customers towards consumption of foods. The concept of e-retailing is also on demand that is responsible for attracting most of the youngsters. The youngsters are usually tech savvy and are focused to the latest trends of fashion on different items. Hence, the retailers are developing products according to the latest trends by keeping the price margin quite affordable. However, it can be said that different retailers across the world are focusing on global supply chain for seeking the benefits of lower cost in terms of agri-food supply chains[16]. The supermarket retail chains of United States of America are focusing on the just in time so that they can distribute the products to the customers in a proper time[17]. It can be concluded that American retailers such as Walmart, British retailer Tesco and German retailer Aldi are known for implementation of technologies by conducting a proper research on the customers of their areas of operations. The methods and the discounts are different from one country to another country. The food retailers are considered to as more focus to the demands and preferences of the customers. New food products along with customer service techniques are developed as per the choices and shopping patterns of the customers of their target markets. It can be said that supermarkets from all parts of the world are strongly agree about the fact of following the changing shopping patterns of the consumers of their target market in order to sustain in the target market. Topic 4 Independence Groceries Hypothesis: H0: The Supermarket giants rule the global retail industry H1: The Supermarket giants does not rule the global retail industry The big multinational supermarket retail giants rule global food and grocery markets. However, the importance of the independence groceries or the local retailers is considered as an important contributor of the economy of different countries. It can be said that the local grocers have a particular market share in many parts of the countries. The section will describe about the facts about the local grocery retailers of the world[18]. Local retailers in many undeveloped and developing countries are still preferred by huge customers in the rural areas. There is a sentiment that works behind the preference of choosing local groceries over big supermarkets. However, there are many advantages while shopping from a supermarket when compared to local grocery retailers, but the trust factor is more in the local shops than the big supermarkets. Apart from that, rural people rely on trust factor than other factors of price and availability of the goods. In the rural areas of different countries these things happen. On the contrary, the residents dwelling in the urban areas are focused to shop from the supermarket retail shops as they are price sensitive and the availability of the products are huge compared to the local retail shops[19]. There are many schemes and offers that the customers can avail while shopping from retail stores of Walmart, Tesco, Metcash, Coles, etc. There is a fact of going digital that is an area of top priority. It is seen that the supermarkets are going online in order to engage customers in the 24*7 shopping. They also provide extra discounts and offers in order to attract customer base. The huge varieties of products except groceries are a reason of threat for the local retailers. The different ranges of food products along with other daily requirement essential products are huge in number in terms of the quantity. Apart from that, the quality of the products in supermarkets is also high from that of the local retailers. It is the reason of the preference of the urban customers while shopping at the supermarkets[20]. To compete with the competitors, local retailers of many developed and developing countries like Germany, France, Malaysia, China, Japan, India, etc. are developing their operations in their target market. The target market of the local retailers is relatively very small compared to the big multinational retail stores. The strategies include lower price of the products. The most important is the use of the concept of convenience stores. The convenient stores are present in many local areas where consumers usually seek. Apart from the groceries items, the local grocery retailers are now storing different essential products that are required in the daily life of the consumers[21]. Research has showed that huge customers base is shifted towards the convenient store format of the local retailers. The element of trust factor is enhanced by the owner of the shops in order to convince them to buy goods from their shops. Technologies are also used by them in the operations of distribution maintain stocks in the stores, inventory level maintenance, etc. while maintaining the stock of the shop up to date. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that retail industry of Australia is increasing rapidly. However, the increment rate had been decreased compare to 2015. This is due to the reason that customers remain cautious about their spending during the whole year due to low level of income growth. People are becoming more inclined towards high quality products. Online retailing has become more important compare store retailing. Customers have become more concern about hygienic products. Omni channel marketing has become important part of marketing technique used in retail market. Companies like Coles, Woolworths and Wesfarmers have incorporated this strategy to enhance their business performance. References Azizul Islam, Muhammad and Ameeta Jain, "Workplace Human Rights Reporting: A Study Of Australian Garment And Retail Companies" (2013) 23Australian Accounting Review Brenes, Esteban R., Luciano Ciravegna and Daniel Montoya, "Super Selectos: Winning The War Against Multinational Retail Chains" (2015) 68Journal of Business Research Burch, David, Jane Dixon and Geoffrey Lawrence, "Introduction To Symposium On The Changing Role Of Supermarkets In Global Supply Chains: From Seedling To Supermarket: Agri-Food Supply Chains In Transition" (2012) 30Agriculture and Human Values Cameron, Adrian J. et al, "Do The Foods Advertised In Australian Supermarket Catalogues Reflect National Dietary Guidelines?" [2015]Health Promotion International Carlos Fandos Roig, Juan et al, "Social Value In Retail Banking" (2013) 31International Journal of Bank Marketing Charwak, B., "Pattern Of Retail Marketing" (2013) 6Adarsh Journal of Management Research Cuneo, Andres et al, "The Growth Of Private Label Brands: A Worldwide Phenomenon?" (2015) 23Journal of International Marketing Demirci Orel, Fatma and Ali Kara, "Supermarket Self-Checkout Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, And Loyalty: Empirical Evidence From An Emerging Market" (2014) 21Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services Doherty, Bob, Alastair Smith and Sara Parker, "Fair Trade Market Creation And Marketing In The Global South" (2015) 67Geoforum Elder, Sara D. and Peter Dauvergne, "Farming For Walmart: The Politics Of Corporate Control And Responsibility In The Global South" (2015) 42The Journal of Peasant Studies Gadalla, Eman, Kathy Keeling and Ibrahim Abosag, "Metaverse-Retail Service Quality: A Future Framework For Retail Service Quality In The 3D Internet" (2013) 29Journal of Marketing Management Kelly, Matthew et al, "Thailand's Food Retail Transition: Supermarket And Fresh Market Effects On Diet Quality And Health" (2014) 116British Food Journal Krisjanti, Wenefrida Mahestu Noviandra,The Effects Of Cultural Adaption In Immigrants' Purchasing Of Store Brands(1st ed, 2012) Macfadyen, Sarina et al, "The Role Of Food Retailers In Improving Resilience In Global Food Supply" (2015) 7Global Food Security Makandar, N, "A Review Of Contemporary Retail Formats In Emerging Australia" (2013) 43Australian Journal of Marketing Makandar, N., "a study on referral marketing" [2014]ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Retail Management Marcondes e Santos, Renata Borini, "Analysis Of The Economic And Environmental Benefits Through The Reverse Logistics For Retail" (2014) 3American Journal of Environmental Protection Ochieng, E.G. et al, "Integration Of Energy Efficient Technologies In UK Supermarkets" (2014) 67Energy Policy Raff, Horst and Nicolas Schmitt, "Manufacturers And Retailers In The Global Economy" (2016) 49Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'conomique Srivastava, R. K., "Role Of Music On Perceived Price In Retail Stores" (2013) 43Australian Journal of Marketing Winson, Anthony and Jin Young Choi, "Dietary Regimes And The Nutrition Transition: Bridging Disciplinary Domains" [2016]Agriculture and Human Values

Marijuana - Harmful Effects Essays - Entheogens, Medicinal Plants

Marijuana - Harmful Effects Marijuana can cause many harmful effects. There has never been a major test though. The ones they've used have shown very different things. I have been very surprised by what I have been reading. I cannot believe the difference in what different scientists think. One says, ?It's hard to know for sure whether regular marijuana use causes cancer. But it is known that marijuana contains some of the same and sometimes even more, of the cancer-causing chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Studies show that someone who smokes five joints per week may be taking in as many cancer-causing chemicals as someone who smokes a full pack of cigarettes every day.? While in certain places it is legally perscribed to people with many different types of cancer. The New scientist says, ?A FRENCH government study has heaped fuel on the debate over the safety of cannabis by listing it as the least dangerous of all potentially addictive drugs. It also concludes that alcohol is among the most dangerous. The study, commissioned by French health minister Bernard Kouchner, was carried out by a panel of 10 French and foreign scientists headed by Bernard-Pierre Roques of the Ren? Descartes University of Paris. The panel searched the scientific literature for information about psychological and physical dependence, neural and general toxicity and social hazards such as aggressive behavior caused by various legal and illegal drugs. The team then grouped the substances into three categories of dangerousness. Cannabis was the only drug put in the least dangerous category. While cautioning that no drug they assessed was "completely free of danger", the researchers gave cannabis a rating of "weak" for social hazard and addictiveness, "very weak" for general toxicity and zero for neurotoxicity. In the most dangerous category, they included heroin and other opiates, and cocaine. Alcohol was also placed in this category because of its strong toxicity, its potential as a social hazard and its "ver y strong" addictiveness. In the middle category they placed stimulants such as amphetamines, hallucinogens and tobacco--largely because of its "very strong" addictiveness and toxicity. The authors point out that government's base their decisions whether or not to prohibit a drug on its ability to induce dependence. They conclude that the official classification for some drugs is incorrect.? These are two very different sides. Yet another online site says, ?Health officials in Geneva have suppressed the publication of a politically sensitive analysis that confirms what ageing hippies have known for decades: cannabis is safer than alcohol or tobacco. According to a document leaked to New Scientist, the analysis concludes not only that the amount of dope smoked worldwide does less harm to public health than drink and cigarettes, but that the same is likely to hold true even if people consumed dope on the same scale as these legal substances. The comparison was due to appear in a report on the harmful effects of cannabis published last December by the WHO. But it was ditched at the last minute following a long and intense dispute between WHO officials, the cannabis experts who drafted the report and a group of external advisers. As the WHO's first report on cannabis for 15 years, the document had been eagerly awaited by doctors and specialists in drug abuse. The official explanation for excluding the comparison of dope with legal substances is that "the reliability and public health significance of such comparisons are doubtful". However, insiders say the comparison was scientifically sound and that the WHO caved in to political pressure. It is understood that advisers from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse and the UN International Drug Control Programme warned the WHO that it would play into the hands of groups campaigning to legalise marijuana. One member of the expert panel which drafted the report, says: "In the eyes of some, any such comparison is tantamount to an argument for marijuana legalisation." Another member, Billy Martin of the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, says that some WHO officials "went nuts" when they saw the draft report. The leaked version of the excluded section states that the reason for making the comparisons was "not to promote one drug over another but rather to minimise the double

101 Report and Small Change Professor Ramos Blog

101 Report and Small Change Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Quick Write What are questions or issues with diversity that would benefit from us researching them? Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Distinguishing What  You  Say from What  They  Say Chapter 5 (p. 68) introduces you to the term  voice markers  in order to help you distinguish the â€Å"I say† from the â€Å"They say.† This is a very important move since we are now including the â€Å"They say† in your writing. If you do not do this clearly, the reader will be confused as to your position and you may seem to contradict yourself. The templates help you with specific ways of signaling who is saying what, and to embed the voice markers. Being able to distinguish your own view from the common view is a â€Å"sophisticated rhetorical move.† Using â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† The chapter also covers using the first person in academic writing, â€Å"I† or â€Å"we.† You have likely been told to not or never use the I in college writing. The book argues that well-supported arguments are grounded in persuasive reasons and evidence, not in the use of nonuse of pronouns. Grossman â€Å"From Scroll to Screen† https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/html/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F04%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthe-mechanic-muse-from-scroll-to-screen.html From Scroll to Screen by Lev Grossman  was first published in the New York Times. What is Grossman’s report about? What is his purpose? Does this sound like an argument or a thesis? How is he organizing the information? Gladwell â€Å"Small Change† Malcolm Gladwell â€Å"Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted† (399) Gladwell discusses the arguments promoting social media as a key component in social activism starting in paragraph 7. He says, â€Å"The new tools of social media have reinvented social activism. With Facebook and Twitter and the like, the traditional relationship between political authority and popular will has been upended, making it easier for the powerless to collaborate, coordinate, and give a voice to their concerns.† He discusses revolutions in Moldova and Iran and quotes a former senior State Department official who believes social media can be used to fight terrorism. He  brings up these opposing views (his â€Å"they say†) after an extended description of the Woolworth’s lunch counter sit-ins. He begins to refute these views in paragraph 8. 2/2/60 Greensboro, N.C.: A group of Negro students from North Carolina AT College, who were refused service at a luncheon counter reserved for white customers, staged a sit-down strike at the F.W. Woolworth store in Greensboro 2/2. Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson and Mark Martin are shown as they stayed seated throughout the day. The white woman at left came to the counter for lunch but decided not to sit down. Sit-in participants are bullied and have food and drinks dumped on them. Chp 6 Skeptics May Object Chapter 6 introduces a different sort of â€Å"they say†: the naysayer. The naysayer, or counterargument, appears after the conversation and after you have made some points. Including what the objections might be helps you make a more thorough point and adds credibility to the writing. Be careful to treat the objection carefully and fairly. Do not present a weak argument or a simplification of it because that can lead to a number of fallacies including the Strawman fallacy. The book offers suggestions for including the Naysayer or Skeptic. Anticipate Objections Entertain Objections in your own writing. Name the Naysayers. Introduce objections formally or informally Represent Objections Fairly Answer Objections Make concessions and stand your ground.

Seven Names for Seven Dwarves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seven Names for Seven Dwarves - Essay Example Having seen the Disney version so many times throughout my life, I thought this would be no problem. However, as I sat and stared at the blank piece of paper, I could only remember three right away--Doc, Sleepy, and Dopey. This assignment would prove to be a little harder than I had originally anticipated. As a child, Dopey and Doc had been my two favorites; Doc because he was so smart and Dopey because he was so funny. This show of favoritism made those two easy to remember and made me laugh as I recalled some of the things Dopey would trip over. Sleepy had been my nickname for a long time because no matter how much I rested the night before, I always seemed to be tired the next day. Through association, this made that dwarf easy to remember as well. For the final two dwarves, I tried to recall all of the dwarves in context to the Disney movie, but this proved to be useless as the only parts I could recall at first were the parts with songs: now the song "Heigh Ho" is stuck in my head, and I'm afraid the only way to get rid of that song is to start whistling while I work. Then an image of a dwarf popped into my head: there had been a shy one hiding behind the others. Through the use of synonyms and word associations, I finally went from "Shy" to Bashful. This left just one name to figure out. This last name proved to be the most difficult to remember.

Business Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Business Analysis - Research Paper Example The disposable income is used to purchase the services and products offered by the business. The Living Room Bar targets youthful professionals and students. This is because it provides entertainment which is favored by the youths in the American society; for instance, sports entertainment, hip hop music and pop music, and indoor games like pool tables, cards and darts. The Upstairs Drink Boutique is tailored to suit the needs of the mature professionals who form part of the middle income group in the American society. The entertainment provided at the bar appeals to individuals who are mature in their personal and public life. The most popular attraction is the live jazz music entertainment that is provided all days of the week, starting evening. The Trace restaurant is appropriate for the middle income groups of the society. This is because of the fast foods products and evening dinners. Fast foods are mostly consumed during working hours by the professionals. The evening dinners are favored by mostly dating individuals and young married couples. The customers are also allowed to request for entertainment of their choice during their dinner time. The marketing strategies of the business clearly illustrate the target market. The four strategies used by the business are favorable to the middle income individuals in the society. These strategies are; niche marketing, mass marketing, concentrated marketing, and differentiated marketing (Kurtz, 2010). The two bars apply differentiated marketing. This is because they provide different entertainment to satisfy the needs two classes of customers; the students or young professionals, and the mature customers. Direct marketing is done by advertisements in social media pages of professionals. The business also does mass marketing through creating publicity in printed media outlets like magazines and newspapers. Concentrated marketing is done through posting entertainment information in the social media

Explain and evaluate Walter Benjamin's statement (made in 1936) about Essay

Explain and evaluate Walter Benjamin's statement (made in 1936) about the aestheticization of politics under German fascism - Essay Example In Benjamin’s opinion, the First World War led to the fascist ideology in Germany in the 1920s, which was a catalyst for the break-out of World War II (Leslie 164). As such, Benjamin used the term â€Å"aesthetics† to explain how the Nazis used the innately artistic traits of everyday life to influence people towards fascist political orientations in Germany (Leslie 164). Considering that aesthetic values focus on the physical representation of beauty, the Nazis under Hitler wanted the Germans to experience the true beauty of Germany that had been corrupted by foreigners, especially the Jews (Leslie 164). According to Spielvogel, the Nazi leadership led the Germans to reject modern art which they labeled as â€Å"Jewish art† particularly that of the Weimar era (158). This rejection of Weimar art was symbolic in that it signified the overthrowal of the Weimar politics, hated by the Germans (Spielvogel 158). â€Å"Modern art† was replaced with the â€Å"new German art† which reflected upon German traditions, thus further uniting the people politically. Other forms of art, such as painting, music, theater, and literature were also used to instill the fascist political ideology in people. Under Hitler architecture was revived, gigantic buildings were built to signify the power of the Germans to the outside world and to also instill confidence in the German people (Spielvogel 161). According to Spielvogel, Hitler was a major propagandist who believed that the myths he held about the superiority of the Germans, and particularly the Aryan race, could be translated to reality (143-144). As such, Hitler used mass rallies to spread propaganda and convince the Germans to follow him. â€Å"Triumph of the will†, a film by Leni Riefenstahl tells the story of the events that unfolded at the Sixth Nuremburg Party Congress in 1934. Central to the film is the rise of Hitler to Chancellor and how he used propaganda to draw crowds to his s ide. As an orator, and a performer, Hitler was able to convince the Germans to follow him all the way to World War II (Spielvogel 127). At the congress, hundreds of thousands of Nazi party members march and salute Hitler, whose cult of personality, by for example calling himself the messiah, had influenced the masses to believe they had to follow him (Spielvogel 133). According to Spielvogel, after 1934, children in school were forced to write compositions in which they compared Hitler to Jesus (134). In the film, while addressing the crowd, Hitler proclaimed â€Å"Ein Volk, Ein Fuhrer, Ein Reich!† which translates to â€Å"one people, one leader, one empire†. As Spielvogel writes, during the 1936 party day at Nuremberg, the crowd was so influenced by Hitler that they started chanting â€Å"we want one leader! Nothing for us! Everything for Germany! Heil Hitler!† (150). Hitler had thus, achieved his mission for uniting the Germans for war. All that remained was for Germany to expand its borders through a war that was technologically-enabled. As a form of art, mechanical reproduction that emerged during the first world war in the form of technological warfare is what shaped fascist politics in Germany. Essentially, technology was the artistic vehicle that fuelled the war led by the Germans. For example, the Nazis assumed total monopoly over the press such that all the content reaching the masses was the Nazi version; any other news was

The Psychosis Case Study Nursing Essay

The Psychosis Case Study Nursing Essay Rational: Episodes of strange behaviors for at least last three months with withdrawal from activities and relationships, undocumented behavior history among relationships and age period of 18-20 years, past episodes of psychosis may be undocumented. Delusion of being a member of CIA and able to communicate telepathically, and auditory hallucination of male voice telling not fulfilling mission, client is a shame to the country, and will be Presidentially reprimanded. Staff observed as enemy agents and fearful in interactions, blank stares at the wall, angry outbursts, and lack of emotional expression. Mother has noted client to be returning home smelling of alcohol and discovered strange pills in bureau drawer (Osterman, 2012). Axis II: Deferred, pending further assessment. Axis III: No medical problem stated by client or mother. Axis IV: Problem related to: Primary support group: few friendships, shades are drawn. Educational problems: failing grades from not attending or completing assignments. Occupational problems: probation at employer for missed days. Primary support problems: discord with brother, break-up of four year relationship three months ago (Osterman, 2012) (American Psychological Association, 2000). Axis V: 25-30, auditory hallucinations, delusions of grandeur, attempt to jump from third floor window, poor attendance of job or school (Osterman, 2012) (American Psychological Association, 2000). Plan of Care The plan for the client at this stage of presentation is an inpatient hospitalization and initiation of an antipsychotic medication. The underlying rational is that the client is a danger to himself and possibly others as proven by the attempt to jump from a third floor window, a perceived duty to country, and perception of others as enemy secret agents (Osterman, 2012). The long-term plan for the client is to decrease hallucinations and delusions while educating client and family on coping skills and illness, inclusive of assessment for best placement of client for self and family. Initial plan of care is: to hospitalize the client; start him on Zyrexa 20 mg daily, initial IM with change over to PO as compliance increases (Stahl, 2011); check blood chemistries through a CBC, Chem panel (electrolytes, BUN/Cr, Ca, Phos, TSH, LFT, B12, Folate), UA with urine toxicology screen; and initiate oral supplements of Thiamin/Folate/MVI to address possible deficiencies. Further, as the clients mentation clears assessment will be made to investigate appropriateness for alcoholics anonymous referral, smoking cessation education with treatment of 14 mcg Nicoderm patch daily for 6 weeks, and intensive outpatient treatment services as manifested psychosis of hallucinations, delusions, breaks in reality, and catatonia may be symptoms of a clinical condition resultant from drugs or toxins (Jacobson and Tarraza, 2013). During hospitalization, the clients home will be searched for access to weapons and all medications will be locked up, family counseling and anger management sessions are initiated, individual cognitive therapy sessions conducted to modify thought patterns, and therapeutic touch utilized to ground the clients mentation in the here and now. Discharge planning for the client should include intensive outpatient treatment inclusive of medication management, individual and group CBT sessions, and anger management sessions with arrangements for activities that reconnect the client with social supports including consideration of enrollment in online classes at the community college attending and modification of job expectations at place of employment. The goals of this client should address short and long-term domains. The short-term goals for the client are hospitalization for safety, consistent attendance at inpatient groups with peers while hospitalized, attain daily medication compliance, increase engagement with others in the inpatient unit, manifest decreased delusions and hallucinations, and evidence decreased behaviors of self-harm. The long-term goals are to engage in activities with old friends, attend outpatient therapy at a minimum of three times weekly, sustained medication compliance in outpatient follow-up, maintain functionality at school and job, and return to living independently either at home or in a group home. Interventions The clients short-term goals can be categorized into issues of safety and issues of disease management. First, issues of safety may be addressed through initiation and maintenance of hospitalization. Hospitalization allows for the daily administration and monitoring of medication providing a means for assessing the hallucinations and delusions in an environment that can provide safety from intentional self-harm or accidental harm from medication effects. Further, the establishment of a therapeutic relationship with a staff of caregivers during hospitalization provides a framework for the client to increase socialization with others among a system of daily therapy that teaches coping skills and reality testing for recognizing safety from actions of hallucinations. Second, issues of disease management are met through education about diagnosis, medications, and coping skills. Education about diagnosis provided daily empowers the client with an understanding of how hallucinations are man ifest in delusions and allows the client security in building relationships with others. Medication education performed with all administrations builds an understanding by the client of how medications are controlling symptoms recognized as hallucinations and allows him to feel comfortable in engaging others in the milieu. Therapy provided in groups and individual sessions daily may address automatic thoughts, perception of thoughts, cognitive impairments, and behaviors manifest with thoughts to assist the client in learning coping skills and reality testing, inclusive of therapeutic touch for centering the consciousness within the self for unblocking of negative thoughts and grounding in immediate reality, for distinguishing what is real from what is a hallucination (Tusaie, 2013). Properly addressing issues of safety and disease management allows the clinician to assess a progression of evidence in decreased behaviors of self-harm and decreasing of hallucinations to meet the short -term goal of stabilization for determining proper discharge placement and monitoring. The long-term goals for the client are categorized as issues of returning to normal functional activities of daily living and issues of disease management with symptom suppression. Primarily, issues of return to daily functional activity are the most important goals for the client in accepting and managing disease symptoms. The client will be coached by cognitive behavioral therapy at outpatient therapy appointments three times weekly in how to engage in activities such as basketball games, group outings with old friends, maintenance of work requirements, and attendance at school classes without manifesting assumptions or automatic thoughts. Staff will support the client in all therapy sessions to find the best living arrangement for his perception of safety, whether returning to living independently at home or in a group home, as evidenced by decrease in behaviors of self-harm in the setting. Family therapies will be conducted monthly to educate the client and family about disease a nd symptom management, as well as to train the family in skills of early detection with intervention and support. Second, issues of disease symptom suppression will be addressed through the clients attendance of intensive outpatient treatment with therapy and medication education/management at a minimum of three times weekly with attendance at a minimum of 90% of sessions. Efficacy of interventions may be assessed by the clinician in evidenced sustained medication compliance and decreased symptoms of hallucinations and delusions in outpatient follow-up for a period of six months. Outcomes The outcomes of this client is anticipated to be a return to an individual living home environment with sustained disease symptom management manifest through lack of self-harm behaviors and consistent medication compliance. The goal of symptom management is reached over a three-month period of diminished hallucinations and delusions through consistent use of an antipsychotic that controls auditory hallucinations and daily utilization of therapeutic touch to ground the energy of negative cognitions among reality for distinction. Further, progression of placement in an environment of safety is followed in a pattern of most restrictive to least restrictive environment, typically manifest as hospitalization with transition to group home environment and then to a home environment with daily contact progressively lengthening between contacts as absence of symptoms or problems dictates. Additionally, the client will maintain a job and continue in education endeavors over a one-year period t hrough utilization of newly acquired coping skills for symptom or hallucination reduction and reconnection with previous support system of friends and family. Finally, the client and family will understand the manifestation of disease with perceived hallucinations and symptom management through monthly family therapy sessions.

Henry Clay :: essays research papers

Clay was born on April 12, 1777, in Hanover County, Virginia. He was born to John Clay, a minister. His mother Elizabeth Hudson was After studying for the bar with the eminent George Wythe, Clay, at the age of 20, moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he developed a thriving practice. He was blessed with a quick mind, a flair for oratory, and an ability to charm both sexes with his easy, attractive manner. That he loved to drink and gamble was no drawback in an age that admired both vices. Clay, ambitious for worldly success, married into a wealthy and socially prominent family and soon gained entry into Kentucky's most influential circles. While still in his 20s, he was elected to the state legislature, in which he served for six years, until 1809. Clay established his great reputation in the United States House of Representatives, where he served intermittently from 1811 to 1825. In his first term, he became one of the leading "War Hawks"—the young men whose clamor for hostilities with England helped bring about the War of 1812. Clay was selected as one of the commissioners who in 1814 negotiated the Treaty of Ghent, ending that war. In 1820-21 it was Clay above all who engineered the Missouri Compromise, quieting the harsh controversy that had erupted by maintaining an equal balance between free and slave states. Although he himself was a slave owner, Clay's views on slavery—as on most other issues—were moderate. He was thus able to command the support of men fearful of extremism.In the presidential election of 1824, after his own candidacy had failed, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams, whom the House early in 1825 elected as the sixth president. When Adams named Clay secretary of state, his Jacksonian opponents charged "corrupt bargain!" The charge was unfair, but Clay was haunted by it throughout his subsequent career. Although Clay was a practical politician of flexible rather than rigid beliefs, he did emerge as the great champion of the "American System." He called for a protective tariff in support of home manufactures, internal improvements (federal aid to local road and canal projects), a strong national bank, and distribution of the proceeds of federal land sales to the states.Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1831, Clay served in that body until 1842 and again from 1849 until his death. In 1833 he devised a compromise tariff that resolved the crisis brought on by South Carolina's attempt to "nullify" the prevailing tariff set by Congress.

The History of Healthcare Informatics

The History Behind Nursing Informatics Jackie Bailey Colorado Christian University Prof. L. Rieg CIS312A: Final Paper September 26, 2012 The History Behind Nursing Informatics Nursing informatics (NI) has become a vital part of healthcare delivery and has become a defining factor in the selection, execution, and assessment of technology that supports safe, exceptional quality and patient-centered care. Nursing has become so uniform. The data in patient records has become a valuable resource and has improved assessments and overall patient care.Before the launch of nursing informatics throughout the second half of the 20th century there were not any real standards for language. The use of data restricted the function and effectiveness of any early informatics applications. Nurses began developing standardized language systems during the turn of the century. International collaborations involving different medical disciplines have led to the improvement of standards and have opened the door for strong and reliable information tools. Nurses have the ability to change and improve healthcare.They have the potential to change outcomes with the use of informatics. The use of this technology does require change; a change in the person, the institute, and the systems. Nurses are developing and applying informatics to find new knowledge and are improving the quality of care given on a global level (Edwards, H. 2011). Nurses have identified three important factors in nursing informatics: basic computer skills, informatics knowledge and information literacy (Thede, L. 2012). In the beginning there was Florence Nightingale.Not only did Nurse Nightingale pioneer the nursing profession she also started the first informatics in nursing. She stated ‘In an attempt to arrive at the truth, I have applied everywhere for information, but scarcely an instance have I been able to find hospital records fit for any purpose of comparison. If they could be obtained, they would enabl e us to decide many other questions besides the one alluded to? †¦if wisely used, these improved statistics would tell us more of the relative value of particular operations and modes of treatment than we have any means of obtaining at present.They would enable us, besides, to ascertain the influence of the hospital †¦ upon the general course of operations and diseases passing through its wards; and the truth thus ascertained would enable us to save life and suffering, and to improve the treatment and management of the sick †¦ . † (Florence Nightingale. Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). Nurse Nightingale began nursing informatics by introducing three health sciences into nursing: health services research, evidenced-based practice and informatics (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. (2008).She requested that clinical records be analyzed to assess and improve care and outcomes (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. (2008). She noticed the need for change before there really was a need for change. Her efforts brought about nursing informatics and the nursing profession became more modernized. Nearly 100 years later a woman by the name of Harriet Werley started to encourage the use and growth of informatics in the nursing profession (Murphy, J. 2010). In the late 1950’s she was the first nurse to participate in research in a hospital (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). She was asked to provide consultation for IBM on the possible use of computers in healthcare (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). Nurse Werley saw the benefits of computers used to store patient information and to improve patient care (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). She devised a minimum data set to be collected from every patient Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). In the 1970’s nursing informatics really began to bloom. The first records of the use of computers in the nursing field started to appear in professional and scholarly literature (Murphy, J. 2010).Nursing care plans b egan to focus on reducing the amount of documentation and keeping it as accurate and as detailed as possible (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). Another system focused on patient scheduling in a rehabilitation setting (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). Nurses at a California hosptial assisted in developing the first comprehensive hospital information system and helped integrat the system for nursing care planning, documentation, and feedback (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). They developed the standard care plans that are used throughout the world today (Ozbolt, J. G. Saba, V. K. 2008). Another big achievement of this decade was the introduction of the first commercial electronic medical record (Thede, L. 2012). This new system was patient-oriented and was implemented throughout the hospital (Thede, L. 2012). Nursing informatics really gained momentum in the 1980’s. The first national conference on computer technology and nursing was held (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008) . Scholarships and the first educational courses on Nursing Informatics were introduced into the nursing programs at Boston College, University of New York and University of Utah (Ozbolt, J.G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). The growing record of accomplishment allowed nurses to move into managerial roles (Edwards, H. 2011). By the mid ‘80’s, nearly three decades after Nurse Werley pushed for minimum data sets, was the idea finally embraced by nurse professionals (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). Four specific elements of the minimum data set became a standard for nursing care: nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, nursing outcome and the intensity of the care provided (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). Beginning in the 1990’s a real change was noticed.The technological advances that had been made were astonishing (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). A new technology called the internet had been introduced allowing for worldwide communication of healthcare information (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). In 1994 the American Nurses Association published the first versions of the â€Å"Scope of Nursing Informatics Practice† and the â€Å"Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice†. In 1995, the American Nurses Credentialing Center started the basic certification in nursing informatics as an area of specialty practice (Ozbolt, J. G. Saba, V. K. 2008). Also in 1994, the American Nurses Association (ANA) published the first definition of nursing informatics: â€Å"Nursing Informatics is the specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science in identifying, collecting, processing, and managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education, research, and the expansion of nursing knowledge. † (Murphy, J. 2010). The International Classification of Nursing Practices was initiated by three nurses throughout the world (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008).The 1990’s were a big decade for the advancement of nursing informatics. The first journal pertaining to informatics in nursing was initiated and it was online. The Online Journal of Nursing Informatics hit the wires in 1996. This online publication focused, and still focuses on publishing peer-review articles, scientific papers, review articles, practice-based articles and data bases related to nursing informatics (McGonigle, D. , Seymour, R. , Englebardt, S. , Allen, M. , Chang, B. 2001). This journal is currently published with the amazing staff of one (McGonigle, D. , Seymour, R. Englebardt, S. , Allen, M. , Chang, B. 2001). In the 2000’s and today nursing has the tools and the terminology, which had taken years of development with the collaboration of numerous nursing professionals globally (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). A standardized language had been developed and nursing terminology and data standards were implemented mainstream (Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. 2008). In 2004 nursi ng informatics had blown up. Education had accelerated and nursing informatics had become a staple in healthcare. Knowledge discovery methods were the key in discovering risks in health.Nurses knew that the discovery of knowledge brings the responsibility of that knowledge and with this information nursing care is the best it has ever been (Murphy, J. 2010). In 2001 the definition of nursing informatics was expanded by the ANA. They described it as: A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. NI facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support patients, nurses, and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings.This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and IT (Murphy, J. 2010). And in 2008, the current definition of nursing informatics was published. It was essenti ally the same as the first published definition in 1994, however, now includes the additional concept of wisdom. It reads â€Å"NI is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. † (Murphy, J. 2010).Additionally, the ANA published three editions of Nursing Informatics Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA. 2008). We as nurses must remember that change is always a difficult thing to embrace. By studying information in an informatics prospective discover how to deliver care and support decisions more effectively and safely, with better outcomes for all constituencies. Informatics tools can support the translation of knowledge into practice, but changing the behavior of people, organizations, and systems requires collaboration across a range of disciplines.Nursing and healthcare will always be ever-changing. Change and collaborations for implementing c hange are fundamental in the education of nurses today. Today nurses are able to access new information and resources easier and faster than ever. Nurses are constantly being challenged to amalgamate new resources on a cognitive, psychomotor and executive level. Nurses of the future can learn technological skills and expand their knowledge and wisdom and can utilize the data.They are encouraging the changes to take place for the nursing practice and healthcare systems by learning, implementing and teaching. Change and evolution through informatics will only improve healthcare and will save more lives. Nursing informatics has become a well established specialty within the nursing field. Solid fundamentals have been laid out over the past 25 years and NI has become an essential part of healthcare delivery despite the many barriers yet to be overcome. It is influenced by environmental, political, economic and professional forces.The change that nurses are bringing are being influenced by new up-and-coming concepts of health and illness, advancements in the field of medical science, the patterns of diseases, demographics and an increasing ability to meet the needs of disease management and prevention as well as the needs of the patients and their families through the use of technology, knowledge and wisdom. As the specialty of nursing informatics continues to evolve new knowledge and technology will be available making the role of the nurse much more important and powerful and making the care and outcomes of each person served improved.It is how the nurse participates in saving a life; one step at a time. References Edwards, H. (2011). Nursing informatics: past, present and future. Retrieved from www. theconference. ca/nursing-informatics. Murphy, J. (2010). Nursing informatics: the intersection of nursing, computer, and information sciences. Nursing Economics, vol. 28, Iss. 3, 204-7, May/June 2010. Anthony J. Jannetti, Inc. Pitman, USA. Retrieved from http://ezpr oxy. ccu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/577364695? accountid=10200. Ozbolt, J. G. , Saba, V. K. (2008). A brief history of nursing informatics in the United States of America.Mosby’s Nursing Consult. Vol. 56, Iss. 5, September 2008. American Nurses Association. (2008). Retrieved from: http://www. nursingworld. org/HomepageCategory/NursingInsider/Archive_1/2008NI/Jan08NI/RevisedNursingInformaticsPracticeScopeandStandardsofPractice. html. Thede, L. , (January 23, 2012) â€Å"Informatics: Where Is It? † OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 17 No. 1. McGonigle, D. , Seymour, R. , Englebardt, S. , Allen, M. , Chang, B. (March 1, 2001) â€Å"The Online Journal of Nursing Informatics (OJNI)† Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 6 No. 2. CIS312A, Healthcare InformaticsStudent Self-Grading Grid for APA Format Instructions: Complete and submit this form with your final scholarly paper by the due date listed on the Due Dates page. E ach item in the category needs to be checked for compliance. Name:Jackie Bailey |Met/Not Met |Criteria | | |General | | |Margins, 1 in on all sides | |Entire document is double space | |M |Times New Roman, Font 12 is used for entire document | | |Text alignment – left & not justified (there will be an uneven right margin) | | |Paragraphs are indented ? nches | | |Spelling and grammar are correct | | |Paper is 3-5 pages, not including Title page and Reference page | | |Title page | |M |Title information is centered in the upper half of title page | |(section break not met, |Title of paper on first line; student name on second line; faculty name on 3rd line; course & course number on 4th | |couldn’t figure out how |line; date on 5th line | |to do it) |Running head is present [Running head: ALL CAPITAL TITLE] in header, left justified | | |Page number is in upper right hand (in the header box) | | |Title page and first page of body is separated by a section break | | |Bod y of document | | |Title is centered at the top of the first page of the body of document | | |Headings used, if appropriate (frequently this is very helpful) | | |An introductory/background paragraph begins the paper | | |All paragraphs have at least 2 sentences; no paragraphs longer than 2/3 of a page | |M |Paragraphs contain only one topic |(except page break) |Transition sentence at end of paragraph provides logical flow to next paragraph | | |All citations are in appropriate format | | |All citations in the body are also listed in the reference page | | |Short quotations (less than 40 words or 4 lines) have quotation marks and a page number in the in-text citation | | |Long quotes (>40 words or > 4 lines are typed in free standing block format with all lines at ? inch left indent of| | |paragraph and without quotation marks | | |quotes are enclosed in quotation marks | | |Body and Reference page are separated by a page break |Met/Not Met |Criteria | | |Mechanics of Writin g | | |Proper use of colons, commas, & semicolons | | |Spacing: one space after commas, semicolons, colons | | |Spacing: two spaces at the end of each sentence | | |Abbreviations: Use sparingly: first time in document name spelled out completely with abbreviations in parenthesis,| |M |abbreviation used after first time | | |Pronouns and possessive nouns are used correctly | | |Parallel structure present | | |Tense is consistent (doesn’t go from future, to present, to past tense) | | Numbers: Numbers that begin sentence are spelled out; words are generally used to express numbers less than 10 | | |Reference Page | | |The word References is centered and at the top of page | | |Hanging indent is used for all references (not enter and tabbed in) | |M |All references are in the proper format (books, journals, web sites etc. ) | | |All references cited are also in the document | | |All references in the body are also in the reference list | | |References are in alphabetical order | CIS 312, Healthcare Informatics Final Scholarly Paper Grading Grid Scholarly Paper Grading Grid |Points Possible |Points Received | |Criteria | | | |APA & Word Formatting |45 | | |Paper set up using all principles of APA & Word (15) | | | |Title Page (5) | | | |Text Body (5) | | | |Reference Page (5) | | | |All references cited in the body were included in the reference page. No references were included | | | |in the reference page that were not cited in the body of the paper. | | |APA Grammar (15) | | | |Good principles of sentence structure, language, and writing mechanics were followed. | | | |Paper is 3-5 pages not including the Title Page and References Page | | | |Self Grading Form |10 | | |Paper was graded, using form.All items on form was accurately marked as met – or explanation | | | |given; Form was submitted with final paper | | | |Quality of References |25 | | |At least 6 references were used that came from scholarly journals or quality web sites, as | | | |iden tified in the CINAHL/web search activity | | | |Content & Clarity of writing style | | | |Content and flow of paper demonstrated good writing principles; changes, based on faculty feedback | | | |from preliminary outline were included. | | |Introduction to topic was compelling (20) | | | |Body included major points (35) | | | |Summary helped the reader understand the importance and essence of the topic (15) | | | | | | | | |70 | | |TOTAL POINTS

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