Essay on Effects of Technology in the 1940’s - 739 Words

The 40’s were best known for World War II, but did you know that Velcro was invented during this time period? In the 1940’s, technological changes occurred with their effects being both positive and negative, but these effects have benefited society more by being the basis of many things used today. The technology in the 1940’s had undergone many changes. Some of the changes in technology were that the first US jet plane was flown . Also, the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb were created but both of these contributed to the death of hundreds of thousands of people. The first computer was invented. As were the Polaroid camera, which was the first instant camera, and the transistor, which helped advance video and†¦show more content†¦The ENIAC was invented by John Mauchly and J.Presper Eckert, Jr.and built from 1943-1945. The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), often referred to as the first computer, was built to supply the need for faster calculations. It started the information age and led to the development of the first commercial computers (The ENIAC). The machines and processes designed during the 1940’s had adverse consequences as well. The first nuclear reactor was built by Enrico Fermi in 1942. The Chicago Pile 1 was the â€Å"world’s first man-made controlled nuclear chain reaction†. This caused the creation of other nuclear reactors and the atomic bomb (CP-1). The atomic bomb was developed and successfully tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico in July 16, 1945. In August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima and killing an estimated 340,000 people (Sherrow 88). Other weapons were also developed in the 1940’s with negative outcomes. The world’s biggest gun called the â€Å"Gustav Gun† was built in World War II. Built in Essen, Germany in 1941, it weighed 1,344 tons and required a 500 man crew to manipulate it. It was so powerful that one bullet demolished a â€Å"Russian ammunition dump 100 feet below Severnaya Bay† and â€Å"a near miss capsized a large ship in the harbor†. The Gustav Gun, along with other weapons destroyed three Soviet forts: Fort Stalin, Fort Lenin, and Fort MaximShow MoreRelatedPrinciples Of Ecology And Field Biology Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis 1. Login to Canvas and go to the Bio 200 page. 2. Click on the ‘Life Table Analysis’ file. 3. Pull up the data from the current year (also on Canvas), and enter it in the appropriate folder. Enter data for pre-1940 males, pre-1940 females, post-1940 males, and post-1940 females separately. That is, you are going to create four separate life tables. 4. Click on the ‘Calculate Statistics’ button to analyze each set of data individually. 5. The software takes our static data and uses it toRead MoreThe Indian Film Industry Of India1380 Words   |  6 Pagesproducers in India and one of the largest centers of film production in the world. However, the first films India watched were not made in Bollywood. The various stages of evolution of bollywood can be categorized as follows: Silent Era to Talkies (1930-1940): Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian Cinema was a man with vision and courage. In the silent era, he pioneered the revolution and released his path breaking film, Raja Harishchandra, based on a mythological character on 21st April, 1913 in OlympiaRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 Pagesradio stations. By the 1940s (1930-1940), at least 83% of homes possessed a radio(Smith, 2014,paragraph 23, Radio: The Internet of the 1930 s). The negativity of certain broadcasting posed as a concern, even in the early years. As Smith explained, But the new technology also raised anxieties. Observers worried about the propriety and taste of the radio programs that would penetrate the sanctity of the home(Smith, 2014,paragraph 23, Radio: The Internet of the 1930 s). Experts suchRead MoreThe Cold War And Technology Advancements Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War and its advancements in technology During the middle 1940s there was a lot going on in the world. This includes World War two coming to an end after the United States use of the atomic bomb on Japan, most of Europe in shambles from battles and the Russia or now called Soviet Union (USSR) turning to communism. One may think how technology could advance at such a time. Well during war a lot of pressure is put on countries to supply resources. These resources are very expensive and forceRead MoreRole And Importance Of Marketing Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept: This marketing concept lasted approximately 60 years from the 1860’s until 1920’s. This is the era of the field of dreams business philosophy. There are a few alternatives available in this era. †¢ Sales concept: In this era competition of for market increased. Organization had to work harder to sell their products. This era can also say the era of awakening marketing era. This period lasted 1920’s through the 1940’s. †¢ Marketing department concept: Where manufacturing the companies and firmsRead MoreThe World s First Nuclear Weapon1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe creation of the nuclear weapons has caused major concern towards national security worldwide since the 1940’s when the US sets up the Manhattan Project to develop the first nuclear weapon. After the weapons were created we find that more then five nations and counting have been developing their own weapons besides our very own USA. These other nations include but not limited to Russia, United Kingdom, France, India, China, North Korea, Pakistan and Israel. Throughout this paper we are goingRead MoreEssay on Womens Roles and World War II1212 Words   |  5 PagesThings weren’t always so picturesque, though. Since people first settled here, on what is now the United States of America, women were thought of as inferior. Ever so slowly though, the men’s view on women began to change. The change started in the 1920à ¢â‚¬â„¢s but it was going slowly and needed a catalyst. World War II was that catalyst. So much so that women ended up participating in the rise of the United States to a global power. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the late 19th century and early 20th centuryRead MoreThe Recording Of Sound Recorded By Edouard Leon Scott De Martinville1529 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to the foundation of sound recording. Going forward, technologists in today s computer age are becoming more and more creative. There has even been proof that some researchers have had a hand in altering the course of history. With that in mind, the following questions need to be addressed: How was the recording of sound discovered? What technologies were implemented to improve the science? How has today s digital age affected sound recording? Was history really altered? Is there any debateRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 Pagesis no innovation, creativity, or incentive for improvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pollard). Throughout history most of the great periods of change can be traced back to an event or discovery. In early man, man hunted for food with his hands until he acquired the technology necessary to make weapons. During this period, man hunted and gathered food as they walked through the vast earth. This was until the discovery of agriculture and farming allowed many to stay in one spot and raise a family. We have witnessedRead MoreA Research Study On Antibacterial Therapy1646 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst initiated in the early 1900’s. However, with the introduction of antibiotics in the 1940’s, phage therapy had essentially ceased in Western Europe and North America. Currently with the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria, a renewed interest in bacteriophage research has again emerged with emphasis not only on its antibacterial properties, but on its potential role in treating malignant diseases. In addition, in vitro â€Å"phage display† technology has been developed whereby a specific

Terrorism Is Just A Terrible Thing - 1575 Words

Terrorism is just a terrible thing to hear about when it takes place. The people and the world would be better if we did not have it in our world. We all know that terrorism affects we, the people, greatly when it strikes. On the other hands, how does it affect the ones that try to fight and prohibit terrorism at hand, the police. Terrorism affects the police in hundreds of different ways. Police have to know what to do and how to deal with terrorism, which requires much more all around training. Police get more powers when it comes to terrorism, which means spending more money. This also means the government allocating the police more funding. Although it has a great impact on the country, it has a greater impact on the standards and duties expected of law enforcement agencies at all three levels (national, state, and local). To help prevent future terrorist attacks, law enforcement is implementing new all around training tactics. Information sharing among all three levels of law enforcement is a key aspect that terrorism has brought about. Terrorism has also brought a change to the policing style. We have witnessed a change from a traditional style to militarized style of policing. Furthermore, after the tragedies of September 11th, the practices of law enforcement have been impacted by the recently enacted legislation and the creation of new federal levels or agencies in efforts to secure our borders and protect the people and our nation from radicalism. These changesShow MoreRelatedTerrorism848 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism Imagine a world without terrorism... Imagine how much happier the world would be if it had no terrorism. Just take a moment to think about all of the people that would still  be alive, all of the buildings that would still be intact, and all the mental trauma that could have been avoided. It sounds nice doesn’t it? I don’t know if this might have actually happened to you, but for those of you that it hasn’t,  imagine if  you’re father or mother would have died because of a suicide bombingRead MoreTerrorism Is More Complicated Than Just An Act Of Violence1119 Words   |  5 Pagesway to prevent terrorism in the United States. Imagine the lives that would have been saved that day. Preventing terrorism would be one of the greatest achievements the United States could complete, but it is a lot harder to prevent terrorism then you might think. If we can prevent terrorism, we would save countless lives, save lots of money, and the world would be safer. F irst, to stop terrorism we have to know what it even is. To start it off, terrorism is more complicated than just an act of violenceRead MoreWe Need new Ways of Security to Attack Terrorism Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesUnfortunately, in America today, we are confronted with a major issue, insecurity of transportation caused by terrorism. Terrorism today has killed millions of Americans and we are forced to act on these actions. We can’t sit and watch as we are attacked, and people are killed in our own country. We must develop new methods that provide better safety for all passengers. It is very clear that the precautions we are taking now are inefficient and unaffordable. That is why I believe racial profilingRead MoreArgumentative Essay On 9 / 11806 Words   |  4 PagesThe Attack That Never Ended September 11, 2001, the start of terrorism in The United States, and the end of innocence in our lives. Some of us are lucky to never know the fright of that horrid day. For others though, the events that transpired on September 11 will live on forever in their memory. Rachel Cross was working in her office when â€Å"patients would call†¦ they were canceling their appointments for today.† At first, she thought nothing of it. Working at a dermatology clinic always meantRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control906 Words   |  4 PagesImagine you just bought tickets to your absolute favorite artist. You probably invited your best friend or your significant other. You plan everything out down to your outfit, you get there, you find your seats, and then the artist walks on stage and the crowd goes wild. You are having the time of your life and so is the 8-year-old girl in front of you who came with her dad. Then you hear something strange; The artist stops singing and runs off stage. Someone has a gun; Shots are firing everywhereRead MoreTerrorism and Political Violence by Alex Schmid1312 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism can be defined and viewed in many different ways. As discussed in â€Å"Terrorism and Political Violence,† by A lex Schmid, there are multiple frameworks in which terrorism can be defined (Schmid 2010, 197). In Schmid’s article, he discusses the five ways he feels terrorism can be looked at, terrorism as/and politics, terrorism as/and crime, terrorism as/and warfare, terrorism as/and communication and terrorism as/and religious fundamentalism (Schmid 2010, 197). This is interesting because itRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The World1015 Words   |  5 Pagesshaken a numerous amount of Americans. The images of the massacre that traveled all around the world just proved how helpless the world is to terrorism. However that shock turned into rage, fuming anger very quick. A terrifying mix of emotions began to settle across America when a hijacked airliner crashed into the Twin Towers in New York City. During that early morning American Airlines flight 11 just moments earlier crashed into the North Tower. I was in first grade at the time in elementary schoolRead MoreDomestic Terrorism And Internat ional Terrorism1335 Words   |  6 Pagesno longer news but our everyday reality. Terrorism has been another problem, terrorism is nothing new and has always been present but after the 09/11 attack it has been increasing throughout the years. Most terror attacks haven’t been as impactful as the 9/11 attack but most recently domestic terrorists have carried out most of the attacks. The government should take the measures necessary and focus more on domestic terrorism than international terrorism for now, because domestic terrorists are alreadyRead MoreThe Senseless Tragedy Of September 111004 Words   |  5 Pagesshocked a numerous amount of Americans. The images of the massacre that traveled all around the world just proved how helpless the world is to terrorism. However that shock turned into rage, fuming anger very quick. A threating mix of emotions began to settle across America when a hijacked airliner crashed into the Twin Towers in New York City. During that early mor ning American Airlines flight 11 just moments earlier crashed into the North Tower. I was in first grade at the time in school and when theyRead MoreThe Profiling Of The United States1190 Words   |  5 Pagesrule racial or religious profiling of Muslim Americans in surveillance and security is unconstitutional, counterproductive and should be abolished. In the status quo the government is constantly trying to take the best measures it can to prevent terrorism like the tragic attacks on 9/11 from ever happening again. In fact, since the attacks, drastic action such as the Patriot Act have been passed to curb any risk of attack. The government used the fear of the public to pass questionable policy. The

Australian Business Law

Question: Explain about the Australian business law. Answer: Background: The given situation is about Kate, who is the owner of a successful business that sells women shoes. Upon the successful completion of the business, she wishes to expand her business and continue to do the business in the new pattern. Discussion: While going through the matter of Kate, the primary advice that can forward to her is about the application of the business registration and in particular the procedure for the already existing business. Under the Australian business law, the business owners or the person willing to start a business shall register with the ASIC or the Australian Security and Investment Commission (Bird et al. 2016). In the recent times, the procedure has become as simple as to apply within the online and that the scope of the various systems of the tax giving policies including the return procedures is also quite accessible (Sackmann et al. 2013). It is one of the important steps to choose the structure of the business with the help of the useful resources as available with ASIC. Once the structure is chosen then the steps of the registration follows: The registration of the company requires the reservation of the company name as well as the plan on how the company will run. Some factors like the replaceable rules and the constitution must be made so that the structure finds a proper base. After the step of the registration, the consent from the members acting is mandatory because the corporation must have members who have attained the age of 18 years. Once the company registration gets completed, then the concern with the property law is a matter of importance for a registered business. Usually, there are two types of property: The real property Personal property But in some cases, the business stands on the leased property as well. On such cases, the legal rights, as well as the equitable rights, are differentiated while the interest stands on the land of possession (Galloway 2015). While the owner has the power to exercise the legal rights, the person in possession has exclusive control. So, anything belonging to the owner is a liability on the part of the possession holder to return. The facts are observed in the matters of, Armory v Delamirie and Ranger v Giffin. It is important for the company holder to have knowledge of the personal property securities since so that there is hampering in the ongoing business dealings. The business holder must have a registration under the intellectual property law and have a copyright protection of the uniqueness wherever necessary so that there shall not be any other reproduction of the work (Reynolds et al. 2012). The protection of ones work is necessary because the copyright section explains the work as someones sole property. There are tests available under the copyright law to determine how much and whether any work is copied or not, Milpurrurru v Indofurn. The copyright act and the intellectual property right is an important tool to protect and safeguard of the misuse of the work. Hence, the sale of goods acts. The sale of the good act comes with the compliance of the consumer protection act so that the interests of the consumer are protected (austlii.edu.au 2016). The copyright of the business not only concerns the unlawful copying of the works but the necessity to protect the business name (Davis 2012). The act of protection of the business name is necessary so that there is no other business existing can run under the same name, which might spoil the goodwill of the existing business (Stone 2014). The ASIC even restricts the use of the same name for the business and sometimes the registration of the company detained due such circumstances faced by the registering body as observed in the matter of Targets Pty Ltd v Target Australia Pty Ltd. The law is important for the newly registered business dealing with the product selling so that the good faith of the customers do not get destroyed as stated in the matter of Grant v Australian Knitting Mills. The sale of goods is one of the implied terms in the regulations as per the register board of business declares as well as the consumer laws (legislation.vic.gov.au 2016). The advice so made to the owner of women shoe selling the business is necessary because the registration of the business under the Australian business law holds some obligations while running the business. Facts: Possible liabilities for the employees to claim entitlements after the change of ownership for Kids Pty. Ltd. Liabilities held by Myra upon the payment of assets and compensation to the existing employees. Discussions: The liabilities held by the employees are same as they had in the previous company. They have a right to continue with the service and are liable to get all the facilities as was prescribed under the previous ownership. The employees are liable to get the holidays, periodical off and severance pay. The continuity of the employment flows through the liability of the purchaser of the business. The new owner is liable to hire all the employees and with same terms and conditions. In this situation, it is explained that the new company owns thousand dollars to each employee. The clothing for the kids does not have any assets of their own. The new business even holds some superannuation and the long live entitlements. Upon such grounds, it is mandatory for a company to start a business with assets as credentials so that it is easier for the entity to pay off any compensation to the employees liable for such compensation. It is the right of the employee to ask for what is their right to deserve as an employee of a company. For the given situation, the rules under the sole trader and the company law will be applicable here. Usually, in the proprietary business, there is a sole trader or the director who decides the ongoing business procedure. There is no constitution mandatory for the ongoing of the organization, and the liabilities of the sole traders are not limited. But in the case of the proprietary company, the owners hold a limited liability (Hoffman et al., 2014). Usually, in the proprietary form of the business, there are some acting members and directors. But in the given matter, there was no such acting body in the company. Myra is the only shareholder and director of the kids clothes Pty. Ltd. A limited liability holder is expected to keep some assets during the time of necessity. The assets are used for the following purposes: Security for loans: The loans provided to the company can be secured only the property that the company owns. In certain cases especially for the limited liability company, the directors are asked to pay some personal guarantees. Capital raising and investment: Companies must be competent to procure the investment from the outside parties for the offering of the loans (Farrar and Hiscock 2015). There is an exception with the sole traders in this factor as the sole trader cannot be able to offer the shares. Hence, when the sole trader requires loans they have to apply and ask from the lenders or the banks. In a proprietary form of the company, the owner is having some specified rules governed by the corporate regulations. But if the business has any sole owner then there are no such rules governing the business (Sadiq and Governatori 2015). Again upon such cases there are some exceptions to the rules which explain that if the company have employees, then they are liable to some rights as in the favour of them. Assets to pay the taxes and the registration fees: The company is liable to pay the taxes as imposed upon periodically and must apply for the registration before the existing period gets over. The sole owner of the proprietary company has the right of creditors to the bank during the time of insolvency as described under the bankruptcy act of the company. The bankrupted situation of the company can contact with the Insolvency and Trustee Service Australia (ITSA) (afsa.gov.au 2016). On a successive ownership of the company, it is mandatory for the company to run under specific rules as mentioned under the Corporation Act. The replaceable rules are highly recommended to keep awareness and to give scope to better amendments (legislation.gov.au 2016). It is not valid to take any action against Myra personally since, while transferring the business she gave enough credits to the new company so that there is a possibility of the employees to go with the facilities and liabilities they owned while in the kids cloth company. Myra handed over the business to clothing for kids after determination of the entitlements has been valid from the part of the legal obligations. It is the duty of the new employer to look at the employee in such manner and period from when they are working under the previous ownership. The phase of the employment is known as the length of employment. References: Afsa.gov.au. 2016. AFSA Australian Financial Security Authority. Austlii.edu.au. 2016. COPYRIGHT ACT 1968. Betke, H., Kittel, K. and Sackmann, S., 2013, March. Modeling Controls for Compliance--An Analysis of Business Process Modeling Languages. InAdvanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2013 27th International Conference on(pp. 866-871). IEEE. Bird, H.L., Gilligan, G., Godwin, A., Hedges, J. and Ramsay, I., 2016. An Empirical Analysis of the Use of Enforceable Undertakings by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission between 1 July 1998 and 31 December 2015.CIFR Paper, (106). Bouchoux, D., 2012.Intellectual property: The law of trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secrets. Cengage Learning. Davison, M., Monotti, A. and Wiseman, L., 2016.Australian intellectual property law. Cambridge University Press. Farrar, J. and Hiscock, M., 2015. Australia's Trade, Investment and Security in the Asian Century. In V.I. Lo ed.,,Australia's Trade, Investment and Security in the Asian Century(pp. xxiii-xxiv). Galloway, K., 2015. Sustainability in the Real Property Law Curriculum: Why and how.Journal of Learning Design,8(2), pp.31-42. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons.

Business Research Literature Review

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Literature Review. Answer: Introduction In this assignment, a comprehensive literature review had been developed for the business research proposal related with topic study and analyze marketing tools and tactics used by Coles Supermarkets, Australia. There were some major topics included in this literature review section. They were such as overview of the Australian retail industry, Global Retail Business, consumer demand and ideas of independence groceries. The main hypotheses of this literature review section is to analyse the effectiveness of marketing tools and tactics used by Australian retail companies compare to global retail companies. It had been assumed that Australian retail market is still growing and it can be improved by modifying the marketing tools and techniques used in this industry. Topic 1 Australian retail market Hypothesis: H0: Australian retail market has a steady growth in the market H1: Australian retail market do not has a steady growth in the market It has been found that Australian retail market is growing rapidly. The retail market of Australia has increased by 3% in accordance to the current value terms in 2016[1]. Although, the growth is positive, it had been analyzed that the growth rate had become slower than 2015[2]. The main reason behind the slower rate of growth of Australian retail market is that Australian customers remain cautious about their spending during the whole year due to low level of income growth. The customer good subdivision of Australian retail market has struggled with critical retail conditions over the last five years. It had been found that volatile consumer sentiment and weak growth of economy due to fluctuating financial market had developed tensed time for the subdivision operators. In addition, it had been found that there was continuous fall in the retail demand in Australia for video games, photographic equipments, books, newspapers, stationary goods and footwear[3]. However, online retailing or internet retailing of Australia had reached a relatively steady rate. In the year of 2016, it had been found that the online retailing has outperformed store-based retailing is Australia. Due to the increase importance of retail presence across different channels had influenced Australian retailers like Woolsworth and Wesfarmers to increase investment on multichannel retailing[4]. They started to focus on online business presence. They started to use social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube for promotion and advertisements. It had been analyzed that the trend of consumer demand of Australian retail market favored the convenience offered by online retailing. Aggressive expansion of Aldi indicates the continuous growth of this industry[5]. Wesfarmers is considered as the largest retailer in Australian in the year of 2016. The company is presently leading across different categories of retailing. The value growth of the company Wesfarmers is highly driven by the strong performance is categories like office supply stores, home and garden, mass merchandisers and forecourt retailers. The company is ranked as number one organization in terms of value share in the year of 2016[6]. It had been analyzed that retailing industry in Australia will increase at a value of CAGR of 3% over the next forecast period[7]. It will be largely driven by garden and home specialist retailers and online retailing. It is expected that these categories of retail industry will show strong growth due to growing demand for new houses and due to faster adoption of new technologies and online services. There were two major factors that have affected the Australian retail market the most. They are such as Government policies and the subdued lending environment. The election of new coalition Australian government in 2013 had come up with two major factors[8]. The government has announced the withdrawal of government subsidies for many retail organizations. For this reason, various local retail groceries have closed their operation in Australia. The government has renewed the focus on the reduction of federal debt reduction to handle the national deficit leading to the viewpoint of tax increment and deep cuts to family benefits. In addition, banking sector has also become the subject of capital adequacy reforms designed to protect the retail industry. It would help to secure the retail industry from unexpected fluctuations and promote stability to this industry. In term of future, it had been analyzed that, Omni channel retailing is going to be more relevant now than ever. In order to improve sales performance in future, retail companies have to combine brick and mortar operation with digital strategies. Rise of Smartphone adoption will increase online retail selling. In future online marketing will become the most important promotion and advertising strategy. There are various in-store technology can be used as effective marketing tool to increase sales performance. They are such as digital signage, interactive screens, self serve kiosks and online product directories. Presently it has been found that 49% of the Australian customers would like purchase products with the help of apps than a browser. For this reason, retail companies such as Woolsworth and Wesfarmers have started to incorporate mobile apps in their Omni-channel marketing strategy. The Australian grocery retail had experienced a positive growth in the year of 2016. This high rate of growth in this sector can be explained by the success of discounters within the country. However, the growth of this industry is restricted by price discounting and intense amount of competition. These factors have hindered the growth rate of the grocery retailer s during the year. Rapid technology advancements provide retail companies the opportunities to engage consumer in-store. It has been found that perception of many marketers in the retail market is that the lending practices have also become constrained. It had also affected the commercial growth and customer credit. Topic 2 Global Retail Business Hypothesis: H0: Global retail business is changing due to market competition H1: Global retail business is not changing due to market competition Supermarkets and grocery retail industry is competitive not only in Australia but also in other parts of the world. The level of competitiveness is due to the change in consumer trends of the shopping their necessary goods from the market as well as changing sentiments. The change in the consumer sentiments has also changed the trading pattern of the supermarket retail industry all over the world[9]. Global supermarket retail industry has showed the growth of many popular supermarkets such as Tesco, Walmart, Aldi, Woolworths, Metcash, etc. It is seen that the supermarket retailers of Australia are adapting the trends of the demands of the customers that are responsible for the increase of footprints in the retail stores. They are facing the competition to meet the higher expectation of the customers in terms of convenience, freshness of the foods, transparency, standard of foods and other products served by it[10]. The trends that the retail supermarkets across the world are adopting are categorized into groups such as authentication of the fresh foods, convergence concepts that are convenience driven, impact of the changing regulations, creating opportunities to the workforce and consolidation of the operational movements. Companies are going to focus on the product differentiation focusing on the niche segment of customers. The addition of the online retailing and click and col lect options are more competitive than the traditional supermarket stores of different parts of the world[11]. On the other hand, it can be said that the supermarkets in many parts of the world are facing issues in maintaining the workforce i.e. skilled technical workforce. The companies are facing different issues in terms of maintaining the workforce in terms of technical problems. The technical experts and skilled expertise are hard to find in many countries of the world. However, it is the responsibility of the retailers to take of their employees in terms of employee engagement and their satisfaction. The supermarkets are facing problems in order to maintain an adjustment of the operations to the different associates who are associated with managing an array of tasks[12]. Research has portrayed the fact that the need of technology is of first priority. In terms of facility management systems, the global retailers are utilizing different types of human centred design that are considered as enhancing connectivity and monitoring the capabilities that improves user interface, intuitive opera tion and usability. The changing regulations of the countries are factors that are responsible for creating any effect on the trading patterns of the different supermarket retailers across the world. The two regulations that are important in creating a significant change of the business patterns of the supermarket retailers are refrigerant regulation and Food Safety Modernization Act. It can be said that the refrigerant regulation changes focuses on the issues of energy efficiency and the refrigerants. This implication will help the retailers while adopting refrigerators that are manufactured by using latest technologies[13]. The FSMA regulation is responsible for reduction of food waste by the companies. The individual retailers and the grocers are responsible for maintaining the freshness level farm to table. The companies are focusing on increasing the footprints in order to boost their never ending strategy in the expansion plans. In terms of focusing on the trollies of the consumers, it is seen that the global supermarkets are focused in providing benefits to the shoppers in order to improve their shopping experience. Hence, the hypothesis of the topic can be said that the global supermarkets are constantly trying to follow the recent and future trends in order to attract more customers that results to increase in the sales. It can be concluded that the global supermarket retail chains across the world are competitive in nature while developing their research and development department in order to imply the product differentiation by adopting different types of pricing strategies to attract the customers of the specific target market. It is seen that the top retail companies are competing with each other not only in terms of price but also in terms of attracting more customers. . It can be said that the food retail industry across the world are simultaneously differentiating and consolidating. It is known by conducting research to the market regarding the integrity and safety of the foods they maintain in order to satisfy the consumers of the countries. Topic 3 Consumer Demands Hypothesis: H0: Global market strategies depend on the changing perspectives of consumers H1: Global market strategies does not depend on the changing perspectives of consumers Demands of the consumers are important aspect in the perspective of developing strategies of the global supermarket retail chains. Preferences of the consumers are the main criteria that businesses of every sector follow while standing apart in the competitive market in terms of different business operations such as revenue, customers, product expansion, market expansion, etc. The section will focus on the effect of changing patterns of the consumer demands in the perspective of shopping attributes and perception of choosing things especially food and other grocery items. There are also some problems that are faced by the global supermarket chains along with the supermarkets of Australia. Food and retail transition among the supermarket retail are caused due to the change in the consumers choice especially in terms of food items. The British people are known for consuming more calories when compared with other people of the different countries of the world. The transitional middle-income group is known for more consumption of processed foods that have very high in energy and salt content. These foods are known as problem foods because these foods are responsible of creating risks of different types of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases. Research has been done not only to the supermarkets across different parts of the world but also to the consumers who are considered as the shoppers. It can be said that more than 85% of the respondents are preferring supermarkets for buying their essential things[14]. Among them, almost half of the consumers are regularly visiting the supermarkets and the convenience stores. They are focused in buying foods those are healthy and do es not contain more fat. The consumers purchase fresh bakeries, vegetables and different organic foods more than processed meats, soft drinks, fast foods, deep fried foods, instant foods, etc.) Apart from that, the supermarkets focus on the service quality, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction and the self-checkout service for increasing the customer loyalty and the increase of the sales. The technological advancements of the supermarkets are responsible for increase of the sales of their products as well as setting various programs for the development of customer loyalty programs. Apart from that, self-service checkouts must be improved so that the customers are not facing any rush while shopping in the supermarkets. Tesco has improved their clubcards and other applications that help them in shopping at Tesco very easily[15]. Customized offers and discounts are set by the company to engage the shoppers to shop at Tesco. Aldi, Tesco, develops mobile applications so that customers can choose their products easily and can avail many benefits. New product development especially in terms of foods is the reason of changing patterns of the customers towards consumption of foods. The concept of e-retailing is also on demand that is responsible for attracting most of the youngsters. The youngsters are usually tech savvy and are focused to the latest trends of fashion on different items. Hence, the retailers are developing products according to the latest trends by keeping the price margin quite affordable. However, it can be said that different retailers across the world are focusing on global supply chain for seeking the benefits of lower cost in terms of agri-food supply chains[16]. The supermarket retail chains of United States of America are focusing on the just in time so that they can distribute the products to the customers in a proper time[17]. It can be concluded that American retailers such as Walmart, British retailer Tesco and German retailer Aldi are known for implementation of technologies by conducting a proper research on the customers of their areas of operations. The methods and the discounts are different from one country to another country. The food retailers are considered to as more focus to the demands and preferences of the customers. New food products along with customer service techniques are developed as per the choices and shopping patterns of the customers of their target markets. It can be said that supermarkets from all parts of the world are strongly agree about the fact of following the changing shopping patterns of the consumers of their target market in order to sustain in the target market. Topic 4 Independence Groceries Hypothesis: H0: The Supermarket giants rule the global retail industry H1: The Supermarket giants does not rule the global retail industry The big multinational supermarket retail giants rule global food and grocery markets. However, the importance of the independence groceries or the local retailers is considered as an important contributor of the economy of different countries. It can be said that the local grocers have a particular market share in many parts of the countries. The section will describe about the facts about the local grocery retailers of the world[18]. Local retailers in many undeveloped and developing countries are still preferred by huge customers in the rural areas. There is a sentiment that works behind the preference of choosing local groceries over big supermarkets. However, there are many advantages while shopping from a supermarket when compared to local grocery retailers, but the trust factor is more in the local shops than the big supermarkets. Apart from that, rural people rely on trust factor than other factors of price and availability of the goods. In the rural areas of different countries these things happen. On the contrary, the residents dwelling in the urban areas are focused to shop from the supermarket retail shops as they are price sensitive and the availability of the products are huge compared to the local retail shops[19]. There are many schemes and offers that the customers can avail while shopping from retail stores of Walmart, Tesco, Metcash, Coles, etc. There is a fact of going digital that is an area of top priority. It is seen that the supermarkets are going online in order to engage customers in the 24*7 shopping. They also provide extra discounts and offers in order to attract customer base. The huge varieties of products except groceries are a reason of threat for the local retailers. The different ranges of food products along with other daily requirement essential products are huge in number in terms of the quantity. Apart from that, the quality of the products in supermarkets is also high from that of the local retailers. It is the reason of the preference of the urban customers while shopping at the supermarkets[20]. To compete with the competitors, local retailers of many developed and developing countries like Germany, France, Malaysia, China, Japan, India, etc. are developing their operations in their target market. The target market of the local retailers is relatively very small compared to the big multinational retail stores. The strategies include lower price of the products. The most important is the use of the concept of convenience stores. The convenient stores are present in many local areas where consumers usually seek. Apart from the groceries items, the local grocery retailers are now storing different essential products that are required in the daily life of the consumers[21]. Research has showed that huge customers base is shifted towards the convenient store format of the local retailers. The element of trust factor is enhanced by the owner of the shops in order to convince them to buy goods from their shops. Technologies are also used by them in the operations of distribution maintain stocks in the stores, inventory level maintenance, etc. while maintaining the stock of the shop up to date. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that retail industry of Australia is increasing rapidly. However, the increment rate had been decreased compare to 2015. This is due to the reason that customers remain cautious about their spending during the whole year due to low level of income growth. People are becoming more inclined towards high quality products. Online retailing has become more important compare store retailing. Customers have become more concern about hygienic products. Omni channel marketing has become important part of marketing technique used in retail market. Companies like Coles, Woolworths and Wesfarmers have incorporated this strategy to enhance their business performance. 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