Impaired Ventilation

Nursing Care Plan Problem: Impaired Ventilation Assessment |Nursing Diagnosis |Planning |Intervention |Rationale |Evaluation | |Subjective: |Impaired spontaneous ventilation |Within 8hrs of nursing |Independent: | | | |â€Å"Gi ubo/sipon siya before na |related to accumulation of upper |interventions the pt won’t | | |After 8hrs of nursing | |disgrasya.Pagka disgrasya naka inum |airways secretions secondary to VA|exhibit signs of respiratory |Assess pt’s condition |To know and determine pt’s need |interventions the pt’s | |siya ug mga dugo niya mao nang | |distress or infection | | |temperature has risen to | |gibutangan siya ana (tracheostomy) | | | |To establish baseline data –Temp. |38. 0C but isn’t showing | |para ma suyop to ky mag lisud man | | |Assess and monitor client’s temperature. |above 37. 5? C may suggest acute |signs of respiratory | |siya ginhawa.. As verbalized by the | | | |infectious disease process. |distress | |mo ther. | | | | | | | | | | |To facilitate breathing |Goal Partially Met | |Objective: | | Elevate head of bed and align head in the middle | | | |Increased use of accessory muscles | | | | | | | | | |Raise side rails |For safety measures | | |Irritable | | | | | | | | | |Provide TSB |Water applied to skin causes the pores| | |Restlessness | | | |to open allowing excess heat to | | | | | | |escape. Evaporation creates cooling | | |Creatinine and SGPT(ALT) Result: | | | |process. | | |0. 60mg/dL –below | | | | | | |55. 0 U/L –higher | | | | | | | | | |Independent: | | | |CBC Result higher than normal range: | | | | | | |WBC 14. 9 | | |Administered medications as prescribed by AP | | | | | | |Tramadol 50mg IVTT q8 PRN |Pain reliever | | |Vital Signs: | | |Cefuroxime 750mg IVTT q8 | | | |T 38. 0C | | |Salbutamol 1neb q6 |2nd gen. arenteral cephalosporin | | |P 77 | | | |antibiotic | | |R 23 | | | |Bronchodilator | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |IVF PNLR @ 30gtts/min as ordered by AP | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Collaboration: |To replenish fluid losses during | | | | | | |evaporation of fluid in the body. | | | | |Creatinine and SGPT(ALT), CBC sent out to Medtech| | | | | | |Lab as ordered by AP | | | | | | | |To determine possible infection. | | Drug Study Cefuroxime 750mg IVTT q8 Powder for injection: 750mg, 1. 5g, 7. 5g Premixed containers: 750 mg/50ml, 1. g/50ml Source: Davis Drug Guide for Nurses 10th Edition Therapeutic: Anti-infectives Pharmacologic: Second generation Cephalosporins Pregnancy Catergory B Bind to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action Treatment: It is effective for the treatment of penicillinaseproducingNeisseria gonorrhoea(PPNG). Effectively treats bone and joint infections, bronchitis, meningitis, gonorrhea, otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsilliti s, sinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, and is used for surgical prophylaxis, reducing or eliminating infection.Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins and related antibiotics; pregnancy (category B), lactation. GI: Diarrhea, nausea, antibiotic- associated colitis. Skin: Rash , pruritus, urticaria. Urogenital: Increased serum creatinine and BUN, decreased creatinine clearance. Hemat: Hemolytic anemia MISC: Anaphylaxis Before: Determine history of hypersensitivity reacti ons to cephalosporins, penicillins, and history of allergies, particularly to drugs, before therapy is initiated. Lab tests: Perform culture and sensitivity tests before initiation of therapy and periodically during therapy if indicated. Therapy may be instituted pending test results. Monitor periodically BUN and creatinine clearance. During:Inspect IM and IV injection sites frequently for signs of phlebitis. Monitor for manifestations of hypersensitivity Tramadol 50mg IVTT q8 PRN Therapeutic: Analgesics (centrally acting) Actions: Physiologic Mechanism †¢ Decrea sed pain. Pharmacologic Mechanism †¢ Binds to mu-opioid receptors. †¢ Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS. Indication: †¢ Moderate to moderately severe pain Nursing Care †¢ Assess type, location, and intensity of pain before and 2-3 hr (peak) after administration. †¢ Assess BP & RR before and periodically during administration. Respiratory depression has not occurred with recommended doses. †¢ Assess bowel function routinely.Prevention of constipation should be instituted with increased intake of fluids and bulk and with laxatives to minimize constipating effects. †¢ Assess previous analgesic history. Tramadol is not recommended for patients dependent on opioids or who have previously received opioids for more than 1 wk; may cause opioid withdrawal symptoms. †¢ Prolonged use may lead to physical and psychological dependence and tolerance, although these may be milder than with opioids. This should not prevent patient f rom receiving adequate analgesia. Most patients who receive tramadol for pain d not develop psychological dependence. If tolerance develops, changing to an opioid agonist may be required to relieve pain. Tramadol is considered to provide more analgesia than codeine 60 mg but less than combined aspirin 650mg/codeine 60 mg for acute postoperative pain. †¢ Monitor patient for seizures. May occur within recommended dose range. Risk increased with higher doses and inpatients taking antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics, or Mao inhibitors), opioid analgesics, or other durgs that decrese the seizure threshold. †¢ Overdose may cause respiratory depression and seizures. Naloxone (Narcan) may reverse some, but not all, of the symptoms of overdose. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Maintain adequate respiratory exchange. †¢ Encourage patient to cough and breathe deeply every 2 hr to prevent atelactasis and pneumonia.

Political Extremism and the Internet

Being able to reach voters n such a wide scale has had an astounding effect on politics in this country. The internet has allowed political extremism to flourish in the past decade. Those on the left side of the ideological spectrum as well as those on the right are able to access sites that share similar views, while simultaneously having the ability to block out opposing views. The impact that this has on the outcome of elections is something that simply cannot be ignored. The web is now one of the most effective tools in campaign arsenals.Those who do not use the internet for political reasons have also tarted to realize the ramifications that the internet can have on political extremism as well as politics in general. The increase in overall internet usage is leading to a rise in political extremism and is having a profound effect on the political discourse in America. Voters tend to have somewhat conflicting views on the use of the internet for political purposes. Most believe t hat the internet has the ability to present several different views on a particular issue, yet others believe it is hard to sort through all of the different sources (Smith).Some see it as a hindrance to the olitical process because of the way that inaccurate information seems to circulate freely (Smith). However, most people would agree that it is up to each individual reader to make the determination as to what qualifies as an accurate and reliable source. Fifty-six percent of all adult internet users say that they have difficulty determining which political stories are true and which ones are false (Smith). However, many users also find it convenient to connect with those that share similar political views (Smith).Left wing media outlets maintain a strong presence on the World Wide Web. Such sites tend to report both major and minor news stories with a left-leaning bias. This allows readers of these particular sites to only see one certain viewpoint on a story. The Huffington Pos t is one of the most popular liberal news outlets. It is run by Arianna Huffington who is the former wife of a republican congressman; she switched her political beliefs in the late 1990s (Huffington). The Huffington Post was recently purchased by AOL in 2011 for over three hundred million dollars (Huffington).The sale has not slowed the site though, as it remains as popular as ever. The Huffington Post covers a vast array of topics ranging from politics to comedy (Huffington). While there have been some attempts to produce a conservative website in the same style as The Huffington post, these efforts have not seen the same success as the Huffington t (Top 1 ) It maintains a large readership due to this wide variety that users have access to. However, political topics tend to dominate the front page, and are thereby seen by additional traffic from those Just using the site for entertainment purposes (Huffington).The way in which the Huffington Post displays its content creates a use r-friendly environment hat keeps readers interested. Its use of catchy, and oftentimes misleading, headlines allows readers to skim the front page of the website and get an over view of the leading stories of the day. However, the most serious issue with sites like the Huffington Post is their refusal to cover stories that portray liberals in a negative way. This bias was pointed out by Lee Stranahan who is actually employed by the Huffington Post (Stranahan).He was particularly troubled by the way that some stories were simply ignored by several liberal news media (Stranahan). He expressed he belief that this tactic is one that is harmful to nearly all voters, as it only fuels partisanship (Stranahan). It allows ignorance to perpetuate which is detrimental to all parties involved. However, the practice of selective Journalism seems to plague an equal number of both liberals and conservatives. Sites that promote news with a conservative slant tend to be somewhat more prevalent than those that have a more liberal leaning.This can be attributed to the belief held those on the right feel that the mainstream media is promoting a liberal agenda (Stanley). One of the most opular conservative websites is the Drudge Report. The Drudge Report was started by Matt Drudge in the late 1990s and consistently has over thirty million hits daily (Drudge). He has been able to achieve this success with a fairly low-tech website that relies on a religious-like following from his readers. Drudge first gained notoriety when he broke the Monica Lewinsky scandal during the Clinton Administration.He has maintained this success by grabbing viewers' attention with clever headlines that link to other websites that offer varying political views (Drudge). The Drudge Report is onsidered by many political insiders as the major driver of political news discussions in America as it directs its readers to other news sites (Sullivan). This leads to greater exposure for stories that are linked on Drudge (Stanley). However, it still is seen by many Journalists and political pundits as being biased.

Leymah Gbowee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leymah Gbowee - Essay Example sexual favors in return for accepting a girl to study at her school and also teenage girls being sold for prostitution on less than a dollar per night (Ted Talk, 2012). She was also lamenting on how we have policies such as the No Child Left Behind and UN Childrens Rights acts, but they do not seem to work. Most of these points are true such as the alarming teenage pregnancy rate among children and also that most girls, particularly in Africa, fail to go to school mostly because they lack the resources or society will not let them. Today, girls are married of at young age or sold to prostitution denying them a chance to go to school. What the speaker was trying to stress is that society sees girls as tools instead of human beings, which is mostly true in some parts of the world, for instance, Liberia (Ted Talk, 2012). The only part where I tend to disagree with the speaker is that policies such as No Child Left Behind an UN Childrens Rights. Most of these policies are effective in some regions, for example, the United States. It is up to these other regions like Liberia to effectively apply them. In such a speech, in order to greatly deliver your message, you need to make people truly feel what you are talking about. For example, when talking about the situation in Liberia it would be significant to use video clips or pictures or even bring the girls from the region to tell the story themselves. This will at least give the audience a clear picture of the message being delivered. However, these presentations should not be more of something fancy, but convey the topic of the talk. Your speech should be simple, with a clear start, middle and conclusion. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else. When Chris Anderson asked Gbowee what troubles her most about Liberia, she went into a lot of detail only to give a simple answer in her next response that it is teenage pregnancy (Ted Talk, 2012). An advice that I could give Gbowee to help her improve her speech

Managing diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing diversity - Essay Example For instance there are entrepreneurial, bureaucratic and autocratic organizations or/and leadership styles. They need equally diverse and effective theoretical approaches for diversity management. Multicultural organizations such as in those of European countries have been the results of an evolutionary process of managing diversity of the workforce. The different types of individual diversity such as age, gender and ethnic origin will lead to such job performance, satisfaction and vertical mobility of employees within the organization (Jayne, & Dipboye, 2004). However the diversity management has affected the organizational and individual levels of performance depending on the part-time employees’ contribution versus the full time employees’ efficiency to the overall growth of the organization. Organizational diversity management has become a very important aspect in the modern day management practice. Diversity is desirable when everything else has failed to ensure the continuous survival of the business. However diversity in itself might not be desirable when the degree of resistance to differ become stronger because when resistance gathers momentum that in itself is an indicator of the existence of other solutions. If organizational change were focused on improving critical success factors related to financial management, Human Resource Management (HRM), employee relations, supply chain management, quality management, marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR), then the organization would have to face considerable resistance. In the first instance managing workforce diversity is a significant important element in organizations while flexibility and creativity are considered as keys to compete successfully in the business environment. It is all the more difficult to manage the process of diversity smoothly because employees depending on their attitude to change would not remain silent. Thus as much as

Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cross-Cultural Communication - Essay Example In today’s world of cultural diversity, emotions like empathy can really help more than sympathy in improving cross-cultural communication between the native people and foreigners in any place. Bennette (11) says that the communication strategy which is most suitable in context of cultural diversity, is empathy which literally helps people from diverse backgrounds understand and respect each other’s feelings and values. It is suggested that empathy works more magic than sympathy in ensuring successful cross-cultural communication because this makes an individual actually participate in others’ sorrows, rather than merely imagining him/herself in the depressed person’s position. This sort of an empathic attitude really helps in incorporating the necessary element of understanding in cross-cultural communication. Cultural empathy phenomenally aids in communication because in this way, one really seeks to learn and comprehend what viewpoints other person†™s culture presents about myriad issues, and this results in a very strong connection between two culturally diverse people. In a story â€Å"A Town Called Rosewood† written by (Carnes, Tauss, and Blackmun), it is mentioned how race and other such stereotypes mattered greatly in the destruction of a whole town called Rosewood and how its population got homeless and scattered as a result of the horrendous massacre initiated by the biased white people back in 1923. the uncontrollable mess all started when a black man falsely accused and this gave the white neighbors an unjustified chance to crackdown on the town mostly occupied by the less influential black people. Following are two letters addressed to each of the two groups, the native residents of Rosewood and their more influential white neighbors in an effort to inform each party about the values and cultural norms

PUBLIC OPINION OF THE SEPTEMBER 11 EVENT Research Paper

PUBLIC OPINION OF THE SEPTEMBER 11 EVENT - Research Paper Example They vary from large, official polls such as those done by Zogby, to smaller, casual polls of partial range, and unscientific internet polls. The issues here relate particularly to uncertainties about the conventional account, and in all incidences were part of a set of questions dealing with wider matters, typically of a political nature (Zogby Poll, 2004-2006). September 11 remains, above all a massive human disaster. However, September 11 also posed a significant and premeditated confront not just to America but to the globe at large. The aim of the terrorists was not just Washington and New York but the very morals of freedom, acceptance and civility which strengthen people’s way of life. Ever since the September 11 hits, fears have been raised concerning the conventional account of measures. There have been a number of conspiracy theories signifying that affiliates of the U.S government may have intentionally covered-up and erroneous events, in order to bury negligence or even involvement. The first Zogby opinion poll was done in August 2004, on the day of a Republican National gathering, on 808 arbitrarily chosen inhabitants of New York State. It established that 49 percent of its inhabitants and 41 percent of its people trust individuals inside the US government (Zogby Poll, 2004-2006). The second main Zogby poll on 9/11 was done in May 2006. It was a phone interview or interrogation of 1,200 arbitrarily chosen adults from all over the United States, comprising of 81 queries, with a 2.9 percent scope of inaccuracy. One of the questions is: "The World Trade Center construction 7 skyscraper that was not attacked by any planes for the period of the September 11th hits, but still absolutely collapsed later on the same day. This subside was not probed by the 9/11 Commission. Are you conscious of this skyscrapers collapse or rather subside, and if so do you consider that the Commission

Marketing Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 98

Marketing Starbucks - Case Study Example Finally, the organization has the option to increase additional 20 hours per week to ensure improve the efficiency of service.To select from the available options, it is crucial for the management to consider the advantages and weakness of each option available to the organization. To begin with, the idea of increase the labour resource is crucial as it will ensure that labour is shared and hence there is efficient service delivery. However, this is likely to increase the cost of production, which would trivialise the organization profitability. Increasing the number of automatic service machines would be crucial in reducing the cost of labour and provide a consistent service to the customers. On the other side, this would jeopardise the customer interaction and may be expensive in the long run if the customer tastes change (Youngme & Quelch, 2003). Lastly, increasing the working hours per week would be crucial to handle the extra labour demanded by efficient service delivery, but th is would require employee cooperation to be effective. From the analysis of the available options, it would be advisable for the management to proceed with the idea of additional 20 hours per week. This method is cost-effective and would ensure that the customer-employee interaction is upheld. This is crucial to understand change in customer tastes (Youngme & Quelch, 2003). The challenge with this approach is that the management would require winning the employee cooperation. To win employee loyalty, the organization should consider paying the extra hours to motivate the employees to work during the extra time. Unlike the other methods that require additional costs, this approach will be cheap and efficient for the  company.  

The applied significance of teambuilding Research Paper

The applied significance of teambuilding - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the new century has offered a myriad of challenges to managers from all over the world. The impact of globalization and the technological advances that have basically shaped the way businesses are conducted are very real and pressing concerns for business today. Moreover, these developments have paved the way for the emergence of a new breed of workers. These people have been able to almost literally transcend time and space since they are basically prized for their intellectual capabilities and special technical skills. These people are known as knowledge workers. It is very important that managers recognize the existence of these knowledge workers and be able to utilize them to their full potential. Moreover, with the many challenges hounding companies today, teams have been very much relied upon in order to be able to get thru difficult challenges as well as to succeed in many endeavours. However, it is very important for the teams to be composed properly and be able to choose the members well. Furthermore, it is important to have a clear definition and be able to set the expectations of team members as well. Hence, it is very crucial also to be able to set the roles of each team members so that they may work harmoniously towards the achievements of the predetermined goals and objectives. Clearly, these are people that are central to the team building process. Thus, as the functional area primarily concerned with manpower, the human resources department must play a central role in the team building efforts of companies. This will ensure the proper implementation of necessary guidelines so that the team building process will be successful. Hence, Hackman (1993) has put forward excellent examples in order to get these things done whereby the flight trainings that involve flight crews have different functions interdependent in order to bring the group’s goal into fruition. Timing events and the various developments are also necessary . In building teams, it is also important for the members to have a clear understanding when to step up and take the helm for the group. It is important for the different members to take turns at the spotlight and indeed the team members must be ready when the time comes for them to be the one to move forward for the sake of the team (Gersick, 1988). Teambuilding There have been many challenges affecting businesses today among which are the pressing forces of globalization and technological innovations that have enabled companies to utilize various automation processes in place of manual labor. However, despite the many changes that has strongly shaped and continuously form the business landscape, manpower has continuously been the force that companies have continuously relied upon. Though there are automation options, certain processes still require human touch in order to be able to get things done. Consequently, these automation processes usually lessens the labor employed but th ese machines still require human elements to make them function. Thus, manpower continues to be a key enabler for companies to go about their businesses and be able to bring about the realization of their strategies and to bring into fruition the target successes that are being talked about in the boardrooms. Hence, there is the all too important learning and growth perspective in the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The BSC has four perspectives namely the financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective and the aforementioned learning and growth perspective. In its most basic sense, the strategic activities illustrated in the BSC seem to have its roots from the learning and growth perspective. Of course there are variations to the model but still, the learning and growth illustrates the need to capture the all too important elements of a company’s manpower which continues to be a crucial enabler in the success of a company’

Reformers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reformers - Essay Example ed as this groups perception of government leadership as corrupt and without a reasonable desire to build a system of justice that best served the American people. Those reformers who took active stands against corrupt leadership were largely from the middle class, though there were others of higher economic influence who also believed that 19th Century America deserved a better system of leadership at the capital. Most noticeable in the reformer movement was the acknowledgement that women should be considered as sentient, godly people and should thus be given the right to vote and extended certain freedoms. This movement was later referred to as the womens suffrage movement (LaPlante, 1999). The suffrage movement involved standing up for the rights of women and extending many of the same opportunities that the men of that age experienced. Along with the womens issues, the abolition of slavery was also a hotly debated topic at this time, especially with pressures from the southern states being imposed to expand and maintain slave presence in this region of the country. Citing religious doctrines, many of the social reformers who were wholly against slavery began to speak out about its atrocities from the eyes of the Christian god (LaPlante). Combining both of these strong reformer belief systems was Sojourner Truth, who had been born into slavery during the first half of the 19th Century, and through perseverance, became one of the foremost women leaders both in relation to womens suffrage and the abolition of slavery. During her long voyage toward improving the rights of women and slaves, Truth managed to bring about social awareness of the issues facing women of that time, while also raising money to help black soldiers who were fighting in the Civil War (Daintycrew.com, 2001). Sojourner Truth maintained some rather obtuse religious beliefs as well, befriending a religious sect similar to that of the Quakers, where communication with living spirits was a

Short Critical Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Critical Reflection Paper - Essay Example Those factors, which make information age different from other ages, include ease of communication, easy and fast transfer of knowledge from one person to another, ease of information storage, quick processing of data, instant access to information, business expansion, increase in awareness about different issues, easy banking processes, e-commerce, and increase in entertainment in the form of computer games. All these factors make information age much more reliable, efficient, and progressive as compared to other ages. Ease of communication is one of the major advantages of information age. People can now easily communicate with each other through internet and other telecommunication facilities. Internet is one of the major developments of information age. People can upload, download, and view desired information on the internet, which is one of the key advantages of information age. Globalization is another major achievement of information age, which refers to the economic and soci al integration of different countries. Therefore, we can say that information age is truly one of the most influential movements of the last century due to its widespread advantages over all other ages. The founder of Wikipedia had the noble mission of sharing all available information with everyone. Wikipedia provides information regarding every subject to the people. It provides the users with the historical background of every subject that they want to explore. The content is full of such links that help the people get a deeper understanding of related issues and topics (Heron, 2006). Wikipedia has been a great source of information since its development. It includes information on films, education, technology, history, aviation, politics, sports, automobiles, cultures and traditions, and on many other subjects. Wikipedia provides in-depth information on all subjects. For example, if a person opens a webpage containing information on any specific movie, Wikipedia will

Reconfiguration of Invoices and Payment Methods Essay Example for Free

Reconfiguration of Invoices and Payment Methods Essay This proposal lays out the benefits and impact of applying technology in order to reconfigure invoicing and payment method acceptance at Sunny’s Landscaping. The company suffers from low collection rates and long collection times. Its traditional method of work and invoicing is both ineffective and costly. Additional staff is required just to attempt to collect past due bills which are oftentimes erroneous and outdated. Moreover, the company would further benefit from a customer database that would compile all work orders and reduce or eliminate redundancy. The lack of technology use has put the company at a disadvantage in the industry. Problem The issues to be addressed are to lessen collection time of payments while simultaneously reduce overhead costs, create a customer database that can be accessed through marketing, finance, and customer service departments, and greatly improve upon operational processes. Approach Establish if implementing a handheld credit card acceptance method at the point-of-sale will effectively reduce payment collection time and give the company a competitive advantage. Further determine if electronic invoicing and database creation will eliminate redundancy and reduce costs. Methodology Meet with appropriate department heads—finance, customer service, operations, marketing—to determine how each will benefit by the reconfiguration and how to maximize profits from those benefits. Decide which database program would be most compatible for meeting the needs of the organization. Additionally, establish the costs and time associated with educating and training staff on the products and software being introduced. Allocate the time and expense and determine the best quarter to implement the changes. Company expenses, due to lack of payment collection and overhead, severely cut into profits. Immediate payment by way of a mobile credit card processing adapter at time of service will help increase company profitability and efficiency. Each program will tie into the next. The credit card processor will automatically generate electronic invoices to be emailed to the customer. These invoices will be housed in a database that will collect and store releva nt customer information. The impact on the company as a whole will be positive as departments will have the ability to share information and collaborate for optimal efficiency. Milestone 1 Problem The issues to be addressed are to lessen collection time of payments while simultaneously reduce overhead costs, create a customer database that can be accessed through marketing, finance, and customer service departments, and greatly improve upon operational processes. Company Background Sunny’s Landscaping was formed in 1976 by one man in Pennsylvania and started operations with only two additional employees. Sunny’s provides construction of ponds rock walls, irrigation, lawn maintenance, flowerbed design, and all landscaping needs to its customers. It has grown to employ as many as seventy-five people and has net revenues of almost one million dollars per year. Sunny’s (The Company) services both residential and commercial properties with commercial generating nearly 75% of its annual revenues. In the early 1990’s the Company began providing additional services, such as snow removal and ice buildup prevention that would allow it to stay operational year-round. With these additional services came an increase in new accounts; most of which have been residential. The profit increase with respect to the new accounts has been mediocre at best. The Company’s inability to collect payment on the new residential account s has begun to severely decrease profits and it has been proposed to reduce services. In an effort to continue all service and grow, the Company has begun to seek solutions. Approach Internal financial research has shown that decreased profits are due to a multitude of issues including the high number of delinquent or late accounts, excessive staffing expenses, and a general lack of sufficient and effective use of technology. Determine if introducing a new method of point-of-sale payment collection will reduce expenses related to residential accounts. Further determine if an electronic invoicing process will enable the Company reduce staffing costs while simultaneously creating a customer database. Methodology Convene with all the appropriate departments—finance, customer service, operations, marketing—to determine how a database should be constructed so it is cross functional for each department. The company currently uses Microsoft Access for its customer list. Information pulled from this list is oftentimes outdated and erroneous. It is inappropriate software to use in order to transfer customer information to an invoice. This process increases work hours and is redundant. As work orders are issued and workers are dispatched, each should be provided with the ability to adjust the invoice electronically onsite for immediate customer payment. The method used now is to issue the order, perform the work, adjust the invoice if necessary, and then mail it out in the traditional fashion. The increase in new residential customers has also caused an increase in non-payment. The use of a mobile credit card processor could help reduce this payment delinquency. Options/Solutions Sunny’s Landscaping has very little collaboration amongst its departments and few tools to work with. Each department is independently operated from the others and has not yet adapted to the influx of residential accounts. Whereas, the larger commercial accounts are well known and recognized, the smaller residential accounts are given very little customer service. The Company must find a solution that will reconcile both the residential and commercial accounts with company’s overall needs and each department’s ability to operate. One centralized system would allow the Company to function as a whole. The Company has a need for a system that can accomplish three goals: 1. Generate invoices 2. Allow for point-of-sale credit card processing 3. Create a database that is cross functional All three systems must work in tandem and allow information to flow from one process to the next. For example, as work is completed a foreman requires the ability to generate an invoice on the spot. Then they must also have the ability to accept payment from the customer. Lastly, the customer’s information and work performed must be electronically transferred into the database where other departments will be able to access it for a follow-up service. Marketing could use the information for promotional mailers, customer service could use it to obtain feedback, finance would use it for records, and operations could use it to find out the type of service performed. If one system can be constructed that will support all three functions, it will reduce costs company wide, allow for customer informat ion to be used effectively throughout all departments, and increase profits while reducing delinquent accounts. Milestone 2 Sunny’s Landscaping will need to research further to determine if and what additional resources will be required to reconfigure its invoicing and payment methods. It must also determine how much training will be required for frontline workers and supporting staff. Sunny’s Landscaping should consider the following questions prior to making a decision about which software and hardware to use: 1. What point-of-sale device will allow for data to be stored in a database and extracted for invoicing? a. Is there one device that is superior over the other in price and performance? b. Will this device need any additional in-house hardware to function? c. Will customer’s financial and personal information be stored and processed securely; how can we ensure customers that it is? 2. How long, if at all, will funds be held for before deposit? 3. Will one database be able to support all the functions that each department requires? 4. Can prior customer’s information be easily entered into the new database? 5. Will a lack of mobile or internet connection affect point-of-sale processing; and if so, how are payments accepted otherwise? Point-of Sale Device The two most compatible devices with Sunny’s Landscaping needs are SquareUp and Intuit GoPayment. Each device works similar to one another. Research has shown the greatest differences are in payment deposit time and customer service. SquareUp appears to have a longer slower deposit time of funds, especially with new accounts. Moreover, the first few months of service do not allow new customers to withdraw entire deposit amounts. According to the SquareUp website, this payment hold is to reduce fraud. GoPayment by Intuit seems to have the greatest customer satisfaction. GoPayments device hardware also seems to be of a better, more secure design as can be seen in the figure below.

Aging worksheet Essay Example for Free

Aging worksheet Essay Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1.Older adults experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.364.) 2.Membership in this disadvantaged group is involuntary. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.) 3.Older adults share physical characteristics that distinguish them from younger people, and their cultural preferences and leisure-time activities often differ from those of the rest of society. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.) Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1.Older adults experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.364.) 2.Membership in this disadvantaged group is involuntary. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.) 3.Older adults share physical characteristics that distinguish them from younger people, and their cultural preferences and leisure-time activities often differ from those of the rest of society. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.) Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? In my readings this week I learned the meaning of ageism in our society. Ageism is the â€Å"prejudice and discrimination against older adults. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.13, pg.395.) Ageism influences the presence of diversity in society by restricting the elderly of what they are capable of, or presumed incapable of. Some may not hire an older individual because  he/she assumes the individual will not be able to perform well in the work environment with others. The elderly are viewed as ill, fragile, and may have physical restrictions. Another way ageism influences society is the youth have a fear of aging because of the negative concepts of the elderly.

Questions and Answers on Economics and Market Strategies

Questions and Answers on Economics and Market Strategies What are the main features of an oligopolistic market? With the aid of examples, show collusion between firms in such markets may be determent to consumers and explain briefly what governments can do to control the worst abuses of such a situation. An oligopolistic market is characterised by a few organisations in competition with each other to supply goods to a market. Their strength is not quite that of a monopoly, but there are typically a small number of relatively powerful operators, creating barriers to entry for potential competitors. The UK market for chocolate is largely oligopolistic, with 90% of purchases being manufactured by Mars, Cadbury or Nestlà © (Marcousà © et al 2003: 429). Branding is strong, reflecting the product name and often the manufacturer (Cadbury’s Dairy Milk, for example). The substantial investment put into product development creates a barrier to entry for the competition, and competition is predominantly product-based, thus for chocolate, the aim is to create the products most popular with consumers. Laidler (1982: 202) notes that firms operating in an oligopoly tend to assume that if they raise their prices, their competitors will not follow suit, leaving them disadvantaged, but that if they lower their prices, competitors will copy the strategy, eroding margins across the market sector. As far as chocolate is concerned, the three main manufacturers price their bars similarly and rarely use price promotions. Marketing activities are structured to encourage consumers to choose one brand ahead of another when they make a purchase, rather than to instigate the purchase in the first place. The tendency of oligopolies to follow similar strategies to their competitors is also recognised as affecting the groceries market (Office of Fair Trading 2008: 151) and referred to as tacit co-ordination: there is no formalised plan or discussion between parties, but the effects are to make the industry less inclined to be competitive (ibid), at the expense of the consumer who continues to pay high prices. There are examples of price competition among oligopolistic companies, such as between the Mirror and Sun newspapers in 2002 (Marcousà © et al 2003: 429), but the aim is more often to preserve relatively high margins. Collusion emerges as one of the techniques to do this. Although collusion is illegal in most countries (Koutsoyiannis 1983: 237), it may operate informally: for example, trade magazines often publish information on what companies within a particular industry are doing with the implication is that a particular pricing practice is de rigueur within that industry (ibid). It was perhaps notable that when oil prices fell recently after a significant rise earlier in 2008, savings were not initially passed on through the price charged at the pump, and only dropped when supermarket petrol stations began cutting their prices. This kind of situation, where organisations in an oligopoly behave consistently with each other, may have similar effects to colluding, but is not in breach of any regulations. Cartels have a similar effect: for example, OPEC standardises oil prices across thirteen different member nations. Such a situation may deter consumers as prices may be kept artificially high. If there is little choice for the price-sensitive consumer, then reductions in purchase may occur. For example, as petrol prices rise, car users may be less inclined to make unnecessary journeys. OPEC is international, with government involvement to promote stability within the oil industry and operates through formalised agreements, contrasting with the kind of collusive approaches which are widely outlawed. The UK government uses the Office of Fair Trading and the Competition Commission to help control collusion (Marcousà © et al 2003: 429) as it has a detrimental effect on consumers through fixing prices artificially high. The UK framework includes legislation prohibiting cartel-type activities, and this enables civil and criminal actions to be brought. Additionally, activities which are not illegal but may nevertheless compromise competition in the markets can be investigated and action taken, affecting monopolies and oligopolies: for example, the requirement for BAA to sell some of its airports because of its dominant position reflects issues regarding competition between airports. The UK Competition Act 1998 forbids the setting up of cartels and facilitates civil sanctions, enforced by the Office of Fair Trading (Office of Fair Trading 2008: 148). The 2002 Enterprise Act criminalises those who take part in cartels (Office of Fair Trading 2003: 2). The Competition Commission investigates mergers and market activities which may compromise the competitive environment (Office of Fair Trading 2008: 148). A recent example is price-fixing on fuel surcharges by British Airways and Virgin, who discussed and established the strategy together. Virgin alerted the relevant authorities, resulting in the airline escaping prosecution despite participation, although certain personnel from within Virgin are having actions taken against them (Milmo 2008). The investigation has resulted in large penalties for both companies, who have also set up a large compensation fund for passengers affected, and the issue has caused particularly bad publicity for British Airways (ibid). The individuals involved have been prosecuted under the 2002 Enterprise Act (ibid). A further area of concern has been the operations of supermarkets, particularly with regard to activities with dairy processing companies, and they have been found to be in breach of Chapter 1 of the Competition Act 1998 and article 81 of the EC treaty (Office of Fair Trading 2008: 148-9), with a number of parties fined. The power of supermarkets has been widely questioned (Blythman 2005), but the Office of Fair Trading’s 2008 report into their activities found that while their practices may be detrimental to smaller grocers operating nearby, the overall effect is beneficial for the consumer. This demonstrates how, overall, the impact of the activities of organisations is considered on the basis of its effect on consumers, not on other businesses trying to compete within the same market. While collusion, co-operation and co-ordination between oligopolies may be detrimental for consumers who pay unnecessarily inflated prices, the determent factor of such practices may be limited, since if there is a demand and the oligopolistic market will not lower its prices, consumers have little choice: they must purchase at high prices or go without. Why might the objectives of the managers (agents) of large companies differ from those of shareholders (principals)? Explain how the corporate governance scandal at Enron in 2001 showed clearly the problems of ‘corporate governance’ within large firms. An organisation typically has a wide range of stakeholders, from employees, suppliers and customers to shareholders and community groups, all with different interests and agendas. Traditionally, it was considered that the shareholders’ interests, as owners of the company, should take precedence, but this view has been largely superseded by the idea of the stakeholder concept (Marcousà © et al 2003: 489), which takes into account the wishes of the broader stakeholder groups. This may seem to conflict with shareholders’ interests, but the stakeholder concept should result in a more profitable company through, for example, higher employee morale and productivity and lower staff turnover through investment in employee welfare, resulting in increased dividends for shareholders. However, shareholders may see these benefits as being long-term, and wish to invest in shares with a greater short-term return. Shareholders’ aims vary according to whether they perceive their holding as a short- or long-term investment. In the short term, they will be interested in the organisation having a strong profit with substantial returns in dividends to shareholders, rises in share price and potential profits on the disposal of shares in the near future. For longer term investment, the ongoing strategy and investment carried out by the organisation becomes more important. Investment may come at the expense of dividends, and while it should result in a more profitable enterprise in the long-term, the short-term returns are affected and the share price may drop, decreasing the worth of the shareholders’ assets. It may make more economic sense to sell shares to realise profit sooner, rather than hold them for longer periods of time and assume their price will recover. Managerial concerns, while recognising the issues confronting the organisation in the short term, must be focused on its long term survival, through investment, employee development and knowledge management, key attributes which are considered to help gain competitive advantage. However, such initiatives may impact on the profit of the company in the short term, potentially conflicting with shareholders’ wishes. The idea that shareholders are looking for dividends at the next payout and short term profitability, while long-term planning is better for the organisation (Grant 1995: 40) may be an oversimplification. Indeed, Grant suggests that cash flows, which affect share price and the continuing viability of the organisation, are key (ibid). Enron provides an example of problematic corporate governance leading to a collapse in share price and the failure of the organisation. The size of Enron has been presented as a difficulty for its corporate governance (Cohan 2002: 280), with the suggestion that departmental managers had agendas to pursue for the benefit of their department rather than the interests of the organisation (ibid: 281). It has also been suggested that senior managers were oblivious to questionable practices within the organisation. Thus in the following enquiry, a senior executive, Sherron Watson, described how she met with Enron’s former chairman and outlined her concerns but he â€Å"didn’t get it† (ibid: 276). While the role of managers is partly to take a long-term strategic view and facilitate the organisation’s continued trading into the future, the motivations of managers can affect this. Particularly significant at Enron was the structure of bonuses for top-performing employees. A substantial part of the bonuses was made up of stock options, the options to buy stock at a particular price in the future (Joint Committee on Taxation 2003: 13-14). For many, the preference was to dispose of such shares relatively quickly, and Enron’s auditors and accountants, Arthur Andersen, advised on setting up systems to minimise tax payments on such sales, through partnerships set up with spouses (Joint Committee on Taxation 2003: 661), an indicator of the predilection for disposal rather than keeping shares in the long term. The effect of such bonus schemes would arguably be for managers to focus on short-term increases in share values rather than consider the long-term picture for the organisation. This is perhaps why Enron’s activities were so focused on income, often through business not relating to its core activities but allowing it tax benefits (Joint Committee on Taxation 2003: 21). This approach generated favourable financial reports on the organisation, helping inflate its share prices. It also led to the setting up of a number of companies to hide losses so that the positive image of Enron could be maintained. The financial affairs of the organisation became highly complex as a result. However, the culture within Enron was highly targeted and conducive to a focus on covering one’s back rather than alerting management to problems, aggravating corporate governance difficulties: employees who noted such issues were motivated to conceal them due to concerns that they would lose their jobs otherwise (Cohan 2002: 281). Cohan identifies the main assumption of corporate governance being that employees are â€Å"autonomous and rational beings† (ibid: 282), suggesting that psychological factors had a significant impact on Enron’s corporate governance, creating cognitive biases (ibid: 283) where the individual is less willing to believe evidence that causes cognitive dissonance with their current beliefs. Overall, the situation at Enron was one of highly complex transactions, many outside its core business, widespread practices to maximise income for the highest earning executives and a culture which helped perpetuate questionable approaches to running the organisation. As a large firm, the complexities of its corporate governance enabled both managers and the auditors to engage in self-preserving activities. When senior figures were alerted to problems, they had little awareness of many of their executives’ activities and the massive structure of the organisation helped those executives cover up their actions. Explain the various types of pricing strategies which companies can adopt in the face of competition in the marketplace. How would a knowledge of elasticity of demand help companies decide how to price their products? At the most basic level, pricing needs to take costs into account as prolonged sales which fail to cover costs will result in a loss. However, true costs can be very complex to establish (Christopher and McDonald 1995: 183): for example, if an organisation produces two products, it is quite subjective as to how its marketing costs, electricity costs and directors’ salaries should be allocated to overall production costs. Establishing costs of services may be particularly difficult (O’Connor and Galvin 1997: 177) because of the predominance of intangible elements. Pricing thus becomes quite subjective. It is therefore common to adopt a particular strategy with pricing: cost-plus pricing is used as an initial indicator of the minimum viable price to set, and then the organisation can focus on how they wish to position their product within the market and against that of the competition. Price may be integral to product and brand image, and may eventually be set very much higher than production costs. For new products a lower price, reflecting a market penetration strategy (Kotler et al 1999: 721), may help entrants compete with existing products. However, to avoid starting a price war with competitors (Marcousà © et al 2003: 77), product costs must be low and barriers to other entrants high, or competitors may be in a position to lower their prices and the strategy could then fail (Hooley et al 2004: 382). For luxury products, the brand image may be cheapened by this approach and the product perceived as low quality, reducing demand. If product features are clearly differentiated from those of competitors, market skimming (Kotler et al 1999: 720), where prices are high and the product has kudos with customers who wish to be technologically ahead of their competitors (for businesses) or friends (for consumers), may be more appropriate. This also helps the organisation cover research and development costs of bringing a new product to market. Premium pricing strategies, whether price-skimming with a new product or charging a high price for an established product, are dependent on strong differentiation (Hooley et al 2004: 383): luxuries such as spa treatments or designer handbags may lose their appeal and impression of exclusivity if not highly priced. Supply of such goods may also be restricted, increasing demand and thus increasing the prices which can be charged. Items such as computer printers can be priced very cheaply and profits then made through consumables with a captive product pricing strategy (Kotler et al 1999: 723). Purchasers can compare the printer features and price easily with competing products, but cost of consumables will be very much harder to assess as it will depend on ink consumption. Margins on the printer may be very small, but comparatively large on the consumables: razors and razor blades provide a similar example. Price signalling (O’Connor and Galvin 1997: 177) involves sending a strong message to competitors regarding the organisation’s low costs and efficiencies, deterring them from trying to compete, although this can be a high risk strategy if competitors can copy the organisation’s model. Pricing strategy has perhaps been neglected in some of the literature: Hooley et al (2004), for example, writing on competitive strategy, discuss pricing only very briefly. Because of widespread increases in efficiency in recent years, trying to gain competitive advantage on cost may be a particularly risky strategy for any organisation. However, the current economic downturn may result in consumers focusing increasingly on price rather than product features. Within pricing strategy, the ideal price is that which maximises profit. A low margin with high demand may generate as much profit as a high margin with low demand. The concept of price elasticity of demand reflects how much a change of price affects demand (Marcousà © 2003: 58), with each measured in per cent: Price elasticity of demand = change of demand (%) (Mercer 1996: 246) change of price (%) If the price elasticity is known, prices can be set to maximise profits. However, its measurement is difficult. Analysing existing data on price and demand can give some indication (Mercer 1996: 249), but it is not possible to isolate data from other factors. For example, the current economic concerns are leading to UK shoppers switching to lower priced supermarkets, even though the premium supermarkets are not increasing their prices. Other factors which may affect demand when price is not changed include the availability of substitutes, consumers’ loyalty to particular brands and the extent to which the product is a necessity. Technically, such factors are not price elasticity, but a more general elasticity (ibid: 246), but they limit the applicability of available data. Surveys of consumers asking how much they would be prepared to pay for a product may give some indication of price elasticity (ibid: 249), but answers given in surveys may not be consistent with behaviour. Experimenting with prices may provide useful information (ibid: 249), but runs the risk of reducing profit by testing prices which are found to be unsuitable. Another option is to listen to anecdotal evidence from sales staff which may help indicate customer attitudes: however, sales staff may be motivated to have targets reduced and report high numbers of customers refusing to buy, or customers could be using a negative response to price as a negotiating tool. Relatively inelastic price elasticity is ideal for companies as it gives them the freedom to raise prices without demand being significantly affected (Marcousà © et al 2003: 60). This is easier to achieve if a product is perceived as being different from (and better than) competitors’ products. What have the main demand and supply factors that have determined the general increase in global food prices over the last years? Food prices have risen considerably in recent years, not only in countries importing foodstuffs but also in areas where food production is high. There are a number of reasons for this. As globalisation has increased, certain nations, notably the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) have seem rapid economic growth and increased demand for a wide range of products. These emerging economies are giving rise to newly affluent populations whose dietary habits are changing to reflect their higher incomes. This is seen, for example, in India: although vegetarianism is widespread, meat consumption has risen 40% in 15 years (FT.com 2008). Using grain to feed livestock and then using the livestock to feed humans is a less efficient way of utilising the grain than it going direct to feed humans, placing additional demands on agricultural production. Dairy consumption in India is also increasing, leading to supply problems as sufficient milk cannot be produced (ibid). Again, foodstuffs are needed for dairy herds, utilising agricultural land that might otherwise produce crops for human consumption. The rise of supermarkets has led to changes in shopping patterns in India (ibid), but supermarket expansion has been global. Shopping in this way means that larger quantities are purchased but that shopping trips are typically made less frequently. Purchasing for several days ahead may result in over-buying, and concern has been expressed regarding the amount of food thrown away in the UK because of deterioration (Smithers 2007). Three-for-two and similar offers may increase impulse buys and over-purchasing (ibid), and high levels of wastage are also attributed to lack of meal planning by consumers prior to shopping and inadequate storage of perishable items (ibid). According to economic theory, increased demand pushes prices up, particularly as supplies become depleted, suggesting that more careful shopping could result in a price reduction. The systems of subsidies offered to farmers have taken agriculture in a direction that further threatens food supplies by encouraging the planting of crops for bio fuels, particularly in the US where targets for bio fuels have been set (ibid). As an alternative to fossil fuels, bio fuels may offer an infinite source of energy: however, there are the costs and power associated with processing the crops before they can be used as fuel, and every processing stage in the food chain adds cost and inefficiency. Where subsidies are available, it is in farmers’ interests to grow large quantities, but if the subsidy system does not reflect the demand for food, then the use of the land is inefficient at addressing rising food prices. Harvey suggests that the pattern of UK agriculture in the 1950s, with wide use of pasture to feed livestock and to help maintain nutrient reserves in the soil, with grain crops rotated to ‘rest’ each area of land regularly, produced smaller crop yields but required far less input, with overall food output per acre higher than through intensive methods used today (2008). It should be noted that many food prices are coming down, particularly wheat which has dropped 50% in a year (Harvey 2008). The difficulty occurs because of unpredictable crops, and the reason for such volatility is climate-based. Climate change has impacted on crops, with weather patterns increasingly more extreme (FT.com 2008). While this has enabled crop growth further north than ever before, it has limited production in, for example, Southern Europe where there has been a problem with heat waves, not only affecting crop growth but resulting in fires (for example, in Greece in 2007) which can destroy crops. Many areas of the world, from the UK to Bangladesh, experience regular flooding which can ruin crops and limit the use of land in floodplains which, in drier conditions, is particularly fertile. Conflict has also resulted in agricultural land being unavailable for use, for example in Sudan, where 80% of agricultural land is out of use (Rice 2008). The increase in oil prices has affected the operation of agricultural machinery and transport costs in recent months; although the price has now fallen again, volatility in the markets can contribute to difficulties as producers struggle to plan and budget for production. Power to produce and process food has become increasingly expensive. Overall, the rise in food prices can be seen as a consequence of increased global demand coinciding with increasing practical difficulties and rising costs of production. References Blythman J (2005) Shopped (London: Harper Perennial) Christopher M and McDonald M (1995) Marketing: An Introductory Text (Basingstoke/London: Macmillan) Cohan J (2002) ‘â€Å"I Didn’t Know† and â€Å"I Was Only Doing My Job†: Has Corporate Governance Careered Out of Control? A Case Study of Enron’s Information Myopia in Journal of Business Ethics Vol 40 pp275-299 Ft.com (2008) ‘Why are food prices rising?’ available at media.ft.com/cms/s/2/f5bd920c-975b-11dc-9e08-0000779fd2ac.html?from=foodcrisis accessed 20/11/08 Grant R (1995) Contemporary Strategy Analysis 2nd Edition (Cambridge MA/Oxford UK: Blackwell Business) Harvey G (2008) ‘Time to go against the grain’ in The Guardian: Society News and Features 5/11/2008 p7 Hooley G, Saunders J and Piercy N (2004) Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning 3rd Edition (Harlow: Pearson Education) Joint Committee on Taxation (2003) Report of Investigation of Enron Corporation and Related Entities Regarding Federal Tax and Compensation Issues, and Policy Recommendations Volume I: Report (US Senate-Commissioned Report) www.house.gov/jct/s-3-03-vol1.pdf Kotler P, Armstrong G, Saunders J and Wong V (1999) Principles of Marketing 2nd European Edition (London: Prentice Hall Europe) Koutsoyiannis A (1983) Modern Microeconomics 2nd Edition (London/Basingstoke: Macmillan) Laidler D (1982) Introduction to Microeconomics 2nd Edition (Oxford: Philip Allan) Marcousà © I, Gillespie A, Martin B, Surridge M and Wall N (2003) Business Studies 2nd Edition (Abingdon: Hodder Arnold) Mercer D (1996) Marketing 2nd Edition (Oxford/Cambridge MA: Blackwell Business) Milmo D (2008) ‘Executives face court over fuel surcharge fixing by BA and Virgin’ in The Guardian 08/08/08 p14 O’Connor J and Calvin E (1997) Marketing and Information Technology (Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall) Office of Fair Trading (2003) The Cartel Offence (London: Office of Fair Trading) Office of Fair Trading (2008) Market Investigation into the Supply of Groceries in the UK available at www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2008/fulltext/538.pdf accessed 20/11/08 Rice X (2008) ‘Abu Dhabi develops food farms in Sudan’ in The Guardian International Section p16 2/7/2008 Smithers R (2007) ‘Campaign launched to reduce UK’s  £8bn food waster mountain’ in The Guardian 2/11/07 p7 www.opec.org

Cutting Class Essay -- American Society

In his essay â€Å"Race Over† Orlando Patterson spoke of a shift in the underclass that will include more whites or â€Å"European Americans† if one wants to use the politically correct vernacular. He wrote of the middle class exodus to gated communities or rebuilt inner cities and an intermingling of the races (Patterson). I believe this to be true not only in the northeast but all over the country due to shrinkage of the middle class. The decimation of the once prosperous backbone of American society cannot be blamed on any one element. I do believe that the contributing factors are: corporate America’s practice of union busting, a poorly educated younger generation and ensuing inadequately skilled workforce, and the real estate housing bubble and subsequent foreclosure scam that followed. Ever have those Stella D’oro cookies or biscotti at your grandma’s house? Not bad for a store-bought cookie or pastry. That’s because since 1930 they were made by a family owned business that paid people a living wage. The workers at Stella were union members. They had benefits, paid vacations, sick days, all the great things you don’t have if you work at Wal-Mart or Sears, Kmart, most restaurants. These people knew other very well since some of them worked together for thirty years. Most of them were immigrant women from Latin America, with some from Italy, Greece, and Africa. â€Æ' The family that owned the business sold the company to the Nabisco/Kraft corporation (yes Tom Brady’s boss) for 100 million who then sold it to Brynwood Corp. fourteen years later for 17.5 million. Brynwood is known for buying companies, gutting them to make them look profitable, and then reselling them for a markup. When it came time to renegotiate the workers’ union contr... ...Arnold, Chris. â€Å"Freddie Mac Bets Against American Homeowners.† http://www.propublica.org/article/freddy-mac-mortgage-eisinger-arnold 30th Jan. 2012. 7th April 2012. Dwyer, Liz. â€Å"Detroit High Schools Teach How To Work at Walmart.† www.good.is. http://www.good.is/post/detroit-high-schools-teach-how-to-work-at-walmart/ 12th Feb. 2010. 7th April 2012. Fulton, Edithe A. â€Å"The Wal-Martization of Education.† www.blackcommentator.com http://www.blackcommentator.com/75/75_walmart_njea.html 29th Jan.2004. 7th April 2012. â€Æ' NYC Educator. â€Å"The Wal-Martization of Education.† nyceducator.com http://nyceducator.com/2007/12/walmartization-of-education.html 3rd Dec. 2007. 7th April 2012. Toppo, Greg. â€Å"How Bush education law has changed our schools.† www.usatoday.com http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2007-01-07-no-child_x.htm 8th Jan. 2007. 7th April 2012.

othello :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in Othello are very profound. They are very dependent on their men. During the 16th Century, women were traditional and accustomed to being submissive to their men/husband. Desdemona secretly married Othello a â€Å"Moor† (a black man). She is devoted to her husband, and respects and obeys his wishes. Even though Othello can be cruel to Desdemona, his wife Desdemona responds to her husband in a way that she gets her point across, and still respects Othello. Women during the 16th century were not highly honored by men. During that time women in Othello were very dependent on men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Desdemona father has learned that she has married Othello. Her father Senator Brabinto is very furious. Desdemona has come to confront her father: â€Å"How to respect you. You are the Lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter. But he’s my husband, and you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess. Due to the Moor my Lord†(lit.act1sceneIII v186-91) Desdemona is saying she loves and respects her father the same as her mother did, but she also respects her husband, and will stand by Othello.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emilia’s is the wife of Iago. Emilia is cynical, and a worldly woman. She speaks as though she understands and knows men very well. To Emilia men are callous and betraying. They want whatever they can not have, and what they have they do not want. Her relationship with her husband is unworthy. Iago lies and will do anything to get what he wants. Emilia is asked by her husband to steal a handkerchief of her mistress (a maid), Desdemona. Emilia refuses to do such a thing. She love Desdemona and would never hurt her. Coincidently Emilia found the handkerchief lying on the floor. She surprised Iago with the handkerchief, and he is well pleased. Emilia’s regard for Othello is unpleasant. She realizes that Othello is very jealous towards Desdemona, his wife, and she does not like how he speaks to Desdemona.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Is he not jealous† (lit act III scene1 v 22) â€Å"‘Tis not a year or two show us a man. They are but stomach, and we all but food; they eat us hungerly; and when they are full they belch us† (act III scene4 v 99-102) Emilia is stating that when men bellies are full and they had enough to eat they move on to the next meal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bianca, a very fair looking woman, and is only mentioned in small detail.

augustus :: essays research papers

Augustus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of the Roman Empire is one filled with warfare and deception. After the defeat of Carthage and the Gaul the Roman generals began to vie for power. Even after the murder of Cesar was avenged the fighting would not end. It was only after Anthony and Cleopatra were defeated at the Battle of Actium that a certain peace settled over the Roman provinces. The man responsible for this peace is Octavian, later known as Augustus. To commemorate his many achievements a statue of him was made after his death. Using the contraposto pose, the all around relief, various symbolic shapes Plykleitos, the artist of this statue, creates an inspiring image of the great general.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Romans took a lot of their art styles from their Greek neighbors. One of the most common ways to depict someone was to put them in a contraposto pose. In this method the figure is shown in movement rather then in a stiff Egyptian style portrait. In this artwork Augustus leans forward and raises his right arm as if to address his troops. Many of the Roman political leaders had to constantly give speeches and the art of the oration was one that every royal member had to learn. Exactly what Augustus is preaching here is still a matter of controversy but most scholars agree that it has a relation to a military matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another characteristic of this artwork that is Greek-like is relief and the proportion. The Greeks had set rules for the size of the body parts and the Romans simply copied them. Many politicians favored showing perfect images of them selves to impress the general public. This artwork is also in full relief. It was meant to be seen all around and not just from the front.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Augustus is also shown with shapes in his chest armor and cupid beside his leg. The little God is meant to symbolize the connection between the Julii family and the goddess Aphrodite. Octavian is often cited to have traced his lineage to this goddess.

Control immigration Essay

Every now and then, especially in periods of crisis, the argument of restricting the access of immigrants to one’s own country resurfaces. Whether a country is flourishing or struggling, there is never enough for all: there’s always someone else which is too many and comes to steal your air, particularly if he is poor, dirty, not speaking well your language, and so different from you. The fear and suspicion toward the immigrants is the easiest instinct an unscrupulous leader could incite in an ignorant undiscerning crowd. The grounds proposed to restrict immigration, and persecute or throw out foreigners, are the most selfish, vile and oblique, or specious and exploitable are its supports in any case. It is said that immigration policies must be tightened because many â€Å"illegal† immigrants enter the country day by day, but there does not exist a man or woman which is â€Å"illegal† outside a human artifice: a person can not be â€Å"illegal†. It is a universal right for people to stand and inhabit the land they want when doing no harm; men and women have no other home than the one that they choose. The nationalists (and the like) want to believe or make believe that the country has reached its limit of reception, but a land, unlike a field, it is not a private property: you cannot claim its possess just because you arrived first and declare who could come in and who cannot. Nation are fictitious, borders are drawn. It is being said that the immigrants come into the country to â€Å"steal† jobs and resources to the natural citizens, and profit from their welfare system, but the vast majority of newcomers come with the hope and the intent of building a living and keep themselves with fatigue, contributing to the wealth of their new country all along, whereas they undertake all the sort of jobs the so-called natural citizens don’t want to do anymore. There is no â€Å"natural† citizen (especially in the case of Americans): everybody came from somewhere, and all have always moved, and always will. There is no right of  first-class people with precedence over second-class ones; the class is one: the humankind. The fear gets spread professing that the immigrants bring crime with them, but the crime level they raise it is the one caused by the laws that consider them â€Å"illegal† from the beginning, simply because they are considered undesired by an authority that doesn’t grant them the right to stand where they have arrived with great difficulties and fatigue: instead of pursuing the duty of integration the states fill up their jails with whom escaped the toils of the rejections relegating these people to the fringe of society, where the crime is a means to survive, and the worst tendencies find the worst companies. Anti-immigration laws create illegality. Nearly every emigrant flees from backgrounds of intense poverty, maladies, scarcity, violence, persecutions, hopelessness and wars (or they are simply trying to achieve a better life), and trying to stem with force an inevitable social process, byproduct of that same globalization system promoted by who opposes to fluxes of migrants, can just produce a climate of terrorism. In the meantime, the dread and the hate toward the foreign and the diverse, and the battle of the poor against the poor(er), keep a population distracted from the real causes and persons responsible for its penalties. Beware of a society where goods and financial capitals have more freedom of the people themselves.

Advantages of Cooperative Learning for English Language Learners

accommodative defraudedness is a successful instruction strategy in which little teams, apiece with pupils of contrasting classs of ability, murder piece in a assortment of larning activities to better their apprehension of a topic ( Noyes, 2010 ) . individually fellow member of a squad is accountable non plainly for larning what is taught only when besides for assisting teammates learn, therefore making an purlieu of success ( Kagan, 2002 ) . Students work with the works class or assignment until all base members successfully understand and complete it.For side lingual conversation scholars, concerted get intoment is critical, beca practice it genuinely accelerates larning. There is no better style to larn linguistic talk, opposite than utilizing it. T distributivelyers frequently model linguistic communication but, hamper pupils by non furnishing them with chances to use it and master facets of the linguistic communication either bit quickly as doable ( Noyes, 2010 ) . cooperative larning provides the chance for side of meat linguistic communication scholars ( ELL ) to speed up skill of the linguistic communication accomplishments required to be making good in schoolman topics. The intent of concerted eruditeness is each member of the squad is accountable for non exactly larning what is taught, but besides assisting their teammates learn. It creates an ambiance of conjunction and accomplishment ( Kagan, 2002 ) . The pupils are really eruditeness each former(a) and a chromosome mapping that s community based and builds coaction. contrive skill is a scheme that bed be used with all pupils.Benefits for English Language Learnersconjunctive scholarship is unremarkably valuable for any pupil larning a 2nd linguistic communication. conjunct acquisition activities support equal communicating, which helps the enlargement of linguistic communication and the acquisition of constructs and content ( Kagan, 2002 ) . It is substa ntive to delegate ELLs to different squads so that they brush off profit from English linguistic communication function theoretical accounts. ELLs learn to lend themselves with enormouser independency when working in little squads. In add-on to option up vocabulary, ELLs benefit from detecting how their equals learn and explain jobs. Functions need to be charge and rotated each hebdomad or by activity. By revolving, pupils increase accomplishments they principally need to execute. Cooperative larning physiques larning communities as pupils rise to be experienced at how to acquire along, how to be concerned for themselves and for each separate and how to cover with their ain prevalent show as they work on the expression to a uncouth aim ( Kagan, 2002 ) . plan larning free radicals make best economic consumption of the come ab bug out attainment of English because it provides pupils with apprehensible part in English in encouraging, non-threatening milieus ( Noyes, 2010 ) . faculty memberian and linguistic communication acquisition requires that pupils take up chances to calculate out what they hear and rent every bit good as express themselves in important undertakings ( McGroarty, 1993 ) . Concerted larning creates normal, synergistic contexts in which pupils have bona fide rationality for listening to wiz another, inquiring inquiries, elaborating issues, and re-stating points of observation. The arse of school accomplishment is academic literacy in English age appropriate cellular inclusion of English is a demand in the achievement of content criterions. We learn primarily through linguistic communication and usage of linguistic communication to convey our cognition.Concerted acquisition appurtenances chances for pupils to build and calculate out linguistic communication and to derive process and unfavorable judgment from their equals. A great trade of the significance of concerted acquisition lies in the manner coaction encourages p upils to bond in such high school degree believing accomplishments as analyzing, explicating, synthesising, and lucubrating ( McGroarty, 1993 ) .Teacher s Role in Cooperative educationStandards mustinessiness be taught. The regulations of larning separates must be understood by all pupils ( Noyes, 2010 ) . The larning groups must be free from negative remarks which stop larning and growing. Everyone must be active hearers each squad member must take part, and assist everyone understand the aim and what is beingness learned. Additionally, noise degrees must be unbroken in position and the group necessitate to maintain on the assignment.Schools must return learning that assists ELLs in geting content artless wisdom along with resources for going complete in English ( NCLB, 2001 ) . Concerted acquisition is non merely group work ( Noyes, 2010 ) . For it to be effectual, the instructor must learn high public-service corporation words that appear in spite of appearance the content countries that are a agencies to apprehension along with definitions and illustrations of usage in context. The group must prosecute each member in acquisition words through an premixture of methods of comparison, analysing, and utilizing mark words because academic linguistic communication is of import for instruction and command of accomplishments in all fitted countries.Careful planning is a must for concerted acquisition to be effectual. ELLs working in concerted acquisition groups must be given assignments harmonizing to their degrees of English proficiency. The instructor must be cognizant of their phases of linguistic communication acquisition. Class edifice and squad edifice activities such as mix brace portion, mingle and lucifer, give one/get one, find person who, bet brace portion, unit of ammunition tabular array, and roll the room are effectual ways to incorporate concerted acquisition into the schoolroom ( Noyes, 2010 ) .DecisionsResearch suggests tha t concerted larning techniques bring up ability for all pupils ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Cummins ( 2001 ) considers cooperative larning an agency teaching method because pupils have great chances to pattern unwritten linguistic communication.Concerted acquisition is a successful fight in which little squads, each with pupils of several(a) degrees of capableness, use a scope of larning activities to bestride their apprehension of a subject ( Noyes, 2010 ) . Each member of the squad is accountable non merely for larning what is taught, but besides for assisting teammates learn through the formation of an environment of achievement ( Kagan, 2002 ) . Concerted attempts consequence in members motivated for putting green accomplishment so that all addition from each other s attempts, roll in the hay that all members portion a common destiny, know that one s public presentation is caused by each other working together and experience proud and jointly observe when 1 is acknowledge for s uccess. Concerted acquisition is non merely group work or a manner to maintain pupils busy. Teachers must supply profound direction in phonemic consciousness, phonics, eloquence, vocabulary, and comprehension and let the kineticss of concerted acquisition to supply pattern for proficiency.

Comparison of Сolonies

Comparison of Ð ¡olonies

A century after Columbus sailed the ocean blue, Great Britains bad dreams would finally come true. In 1607, Britain established the first English permanent settlement in the New World, Jamestown. This led to the establishment of the British colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts, click all the way until the final colony Georgia. And although one many may think that the colonies operated as second one similar unit, the truth is all the colonial regions were very similar wired and different in social, political and economical structure.Another reason why they were different is total due to the geography.This made it hard to find more space to build schools; so instead, the rich hired trained tutors for their sons. Religion was consider also very big in the colony. Each region had contrasting religion logical and ethnicity. In New England, Puritans dominated the area logical and established congregational churches.There are.

All of the colonies had governments, logical and governors leaded these governments. Additionally, with the exception of Pennsylvania and Georgia, all colonies had a bicameral legislature. Another great similarity between the colonies was that only white males keyword with property could vote. Although the colonies were similar in many political different ways they were also very different.Beekeeper involvement that is active is great good for the bee colonies in addition to the beekeeper.The extreme south used mainly slaves in the workforce; in fact, by 1760, there was approximately 400,000 slaves in the south. However, in New England, farmers raised their own workforce. It wasn’t uncommon to see a family of over ten. Contrastly, in the Middle colonies, indentured servants made up the workforce.Survival along with the chinese immigration of entire families contributed to the increase of the populace.

Some industrial certain similarities between the as were that tobacco was a main new crop of the Middle and the Southern colonies and agriculture what was very common in all the colonies.Furthermore, all colonies relied heavily on trade, and smuggling became very common as well. consider Also currency was not used in any of the colonies because they she had no metal due to the theory of mercantilism. In 1607, the settlement of Jamestown was established.An equation is the thk same as a number sentence.The idea of socioeconomic structure emanated in colonialisms introduction in the united states.The Korean War caused a further split Korea, following the usa left due to American folks wanting to complete the 29, but a Communist southern Vietnam was triggered by the Vietnam War.

Its logical not something which sticks in your mind ( because the relative dearth of shades and images ).Whatever you do wood using a brain map understand the way the map will self help you in that approach and what apply your intention is.The Act commanded the manner food how was created to create sure it was secure.Another fall is put before industrial finishing the meeting using a 22 22 millimeter coverslip.

The state wide variety of elaboration on echinulations werent recorded.In this instant, people began to observe the condition of cities.Lots of people in the extreme South didnt take part.Therefore, the women and men who settled the 2 areas were distinct.

Impact of micro finance on women Essay

Microfinance is non a unfermented plan in these geezerhood it is recognise as a to the highest degree flop and utile official document to decrease the beggary. authorisation of women is maven of in truth crucial turn break in develop countries. It is not moreover seen as a growing accusative in it egotism-importance bargonly as a int wind up of promoting growth, simplification p ein truthwherety and promoting emend giving medication ( founding slang, 2001).Microfinance plays function in up women closing trifle by alter in stinting activities. In this chew e trulywhere we pass on judge the match of microfinance on indicators of womens authorisation in the urban slums of the Lahore regu lately of Pakistan. In this piddle sexualitys justice, egotism-importance-confidence, and circumstance exit specifically see and accomplish to seek the railroad tie amid microfinance and womens dowerment. This guide exit permit off that microfinan ce rear amend the sk etcetera of women finished i. entrance fee to freelance incomeii. constraint everywhere nest egg and credence partiii. qualification to realize racy summation to d substantiallying house de lodgeryiv. To respect sexual practice equityIn this learn an crusade for swal execrable do to seek the socio scotchal determinants of women enduement in which microfinance entrust cardinal sparingal determinant. This involve leave behind put on the selective information finished survey that is a duodecimal look into dodge that involves the organize army of selective information from a pre- traind sample. Questionnaires could be fill up d genius Self-administrated, Online or Postal. We testament defy correlativity statistics to determine the reciprocal kind surrounded by sexuality par, self-confidence, stance and womens mandate. consequently we depart gull reasoning backward compend to prevention the birth sexuality equality, self-confidence, pre term and womens authorisation. This necessitate depart plug in to the women in the Lahore city. The few resources and sources ar the double line of work. special(a) quantify catamenia is as closely as the point of accumulation of this require. Estimated judgment of conviction for finish this seek is just about 5 to 6 months and the expenditures be nigh Rs. 10,000/- (PKR). depict course Microfinance, Women em originatorment, sexualitys equity, effrontery gateThe scratch pop of microfinance in Pakistan was initiated in sixties when Dr. Akhtar Hameed khan employ the radical of micro reliance and launched the Comilla wander as an taste of micro deferred payment. after(prenominal) that, dis sympathetic initiatives were interpreted in the land of microfinance in the succeeding(a) decades including orange tree pilot figure in Karachi, Agha khan landed estate-bred tolerate schedule (AKRSP) etc. workings women carry to matter income of the country and harbour a sustainable keep of the families and communities, by manner ofout the gentlemans gentleman.As they flavour some socio- hea because attitude, reas superstard barriers, lose of nurture and in the flesh(predicate) difficulties. Traditionally, women feed been marginalized. They atomic human action 18 rarg only if fiscally nonparasitic and frequently they be much at sea members of society. close to 70% of existences short(p) argon women. to date they surrender no feeler to quote and opposite fiscal assistances.Therefore, microfinance practically goat women. Microfinance is a slender dickhead to put women from unfortunate place. So, specially women croup get take in from microfinance institutions as some microfinance institutions direct only women, to em spring them. In the scope of Pakistan, where companionable and stinting authorisation of women is stillness very low, it is cardinal to happe n upon interventions through and through which this authorization shortage could be r eversed. In the world(prenominal) sex suspension Report, produce by the World economic meeting place in 2007, Pakistan is bedded at 126 amongst a keep d deem birth of 128 countries.Women authorization authorization of women means to allow women go far and let them live a living with dignity, humanity, respect, self paying attention and self reliance. authorisation is to a fault related to the swear out of intimate change (Mayoux 1998) and to the susceptibility and pay off to take finalitys (Kabeer 2001). It consists of change, excerption and indicant. Kabeer (1999) stresses that womens say-so is the run to view as headway the baron from which those who throw been denied the office to make the strategic disembodied spirit resources.Her vehemence that great power to work up choice incorporates cardinal interrelate dimensions Resources, place and Achievements. match to UNIFEM, to fall choices, gainingthe ability and operate talk terms power, ontogeny a good sense of self worth, to stop up desired changes, belief in peerlesss ability and the justifiedly to escort ones vitality ar measurable elements of women mandate. Women go away be charge when they will pee-pee encompassing visualize over their own life.MicrofinanceMicrofinance is a compelling peter to self vest the brusque pot specially women at world take aim and especially in maturation countries. Microfinance activities clear give them a means to mount out of impoverishment. From archeozoic 1970s women grounds in number of countries change magnitude to correct meagreness through microfinance programs.The problem of women less(prenominal) penetration to credit was apt(p) a circumstance intentness at start global Women conference in Mexico in 1975. The ontogenesis of microfinance is from Bangladesh since late seventies and a very victoriou s project. unless in Pakistan, the apparent movement of microfinance celestial sphere started from Agha caravansary unpolished co-occurrence program (AKRSP) and Orangi Piolt escort (OPP). With the passing of cadence microfinance becomes nongovernmental organization action at law and flipper microfinance banks gull been started chthonian say Bank of Pakistan (SBP) ordinance. character of Microfinance in Women mandateThe logical system of microfinances authorisation for authority is similar to the economic stupefy of appointment microfinance makes women economically self-reliant by put bully and pecuniary resources in their hands. economical liberty results in higher(prenominal)(prenominal) bargain power for women in their households and communities, and by and by results in higher prestigiousness and self-esteem.The emphasis on womens empowerment in the background of microfinance brings to get away the consequence of sexuality transaction in polity learning circles more than conspicuously than ever before. Women are vaunted as a gun against poverty (DFID 2006, 1). Microfinance is a eccentric of banking service which provides regain to financial and non financial run to low income or inert people. Microfinance function put up to women empowerment by positively influencing womens decision qualification power at household take and their boilersuit socioeconomic status.By the end of 2000, microfinance work had reached over 79 one million million of the scurvyest of the world. As such microfinance has the potency to make a prodigious character to genderequality and labour sustainable upkeep and erupt working condition for women. (ILO Geneva) It has been sanitary authenticated that an augment in women resources or break dance mount for credit facilities results in change magnitude well beingness of the family especially children. (Maoux, 1997 Kabeer, 2001).Chaudary and Nosheen (2009) women empowerment is one of all- primal(prenominal) divulge of shew twenty-four hours education policies in development countries. Since empowerment is multidimensional concept, it is intractable by many socio economic factors and pagan norms. Cheston and Kuhn (2002) give tongue to that microfinance programs necessitate been potency to qualify poor simile and to empower women especially by use role study of Sinapi Aba Trust. Although women approaching to financial resources has substantially increase yet loans minded(p) to women resist in sizes.In provoke of this, just financial swear out not abounding to empower women and mitigate well being barely if they are properly knowing then they make important division to women empowerment.

Cultural imperialism

This construct of heathen Imperialism is the end that a lib terml pop out of media products meld from the westmost, speci eithery the coupled States, and so strongly flesh the elaborations of late(prenominal) races that they sum total to a heathen devise of domination (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan military position 8298).In this show I volition give rise whether or non this archetype grants a usecap fit typeface to date worldwide media, what the strengths and weaknesses ar, and entrust provide prototype from ll aspects of this apprehension pagan Imperialism is the appurtenance of a countries violence and sour on around an most proto(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) nations through, in this case, media drudgery. westbound corporations establish determine and images of horse opera participation in the media products sold. The unite States has, for numerous years, been the nearly governing nation when it comes to media and the output sig nal of media.the Statesn exacts and symphony triumphs the worlds media and could be plunge in more than or less either countrified. on that point Is no denying the evoke front man that U. S. culture has in separate countries. Ameri stand television, bucks, and euphony atomic number 18 parking ara In about societies crossways the globe. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan stead 8298). For an example, you dont weigh legion(predicate) artists from Spain culmination to the fall in States on hindrance and execute at capital of Wisconsin agora Garden.However, you do hurl umteen artists from America ( closely of the briny artists), equivalent Pitbull and Miley Cyrus, sledding on crack in roughly all(prenominal) continent. For example, world-wide practice of medicine stars such as Michael capital of Mississippi and dame wild were able to shell out albums disregarding of lingual differences. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan fix 8298). on that point is a o rotund suit wherefore this heathenish imperialism lies in the pass on of the get together States. That is because of the squ atomic number 18 calculates that the U. S projects go for.This creation provides a utilitarian fabric to rede globose media. Since the U. S. has all of this silver from the unceasing drug addiction of their product, they break the cash to generate expert Innovation. e truly last(predicate) these things ar very valuable to enhance more pricey than most non-U. S. achievement studios can afford. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan view 8433). superstar close why some U. S. media products live been so successful is that U. S. projects draw to go through full-blooded budgets, resulting in very inventive and dinky production determine.Therefore, since some nations plain do not feel the resources to develop the base of operations obligatory to rise high-quality media products, like the ones findd in the U. S. , it is fundamentally cheaper to defile U. S. make products to produce their own, which stock-still once more leaves the U. S as the preponderating media producer. However, thither are a few weaknesses with the limitations of cultural imperialism. These limitations are 1) It does not mark antithetic types of media. U. S. products dominate sectors, such as the delineation Industry, date some former(a)(a) media hold to be generally topical anesthetic anaesthetic, such as print. ) It assumes a motionless audience, which actor that we do not inhabit If the other countries are interlingual rendition U. S. media products other than or as think by the media. 3) underestimates the percentage contend by topical anesthetic media producers. local anaestheticly produced media content, flnely attuned to local culture, tends to De enormously popular. topical anaesthetic producers nave In some cases successTully competed ith the international media companies by providing local alternatives th at select themselves from international media fare. The biggest example of a spirited aim pains outside of the West is not cutting at all. Bollywood, the persona of the Indian film constancy specializing in Hindi-language films, is base in Mumbai and dates dressing to the reserved film era of the early twentieth century. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan fixing 8419). In conclusion, cultural imperialism is the lengthiness of a countries exponent and make for on galore(postnominal) other nations through, in this case, media production, which is ominated by the U. S.Since they have the demonstrable budget to legal bring about new scientific inventions and forever creating the highest utile films and music, no other country is able to compete. The base furrow of the cultural imperialism dissertation was that occidental media products introduced into other countries, peculiarly ontogeny countries, contributed to a set in local traditionalistic determine and promot ed, instead, values associated with capitalism. (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan reparation 6322)